Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS PDF

Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

AN14213

Wi-Fi, firmware, automatic recovery, driver, independent reset, firmware command timeout, firmware wake-up timeout, TX watchdog timeout, firmware trigger dump, station (STA), mobile access point (Mobile AP), Linux OS

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2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) Bluetooth 5.2 Solution | NXP Semiconductors

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AN14213
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS
Rev. 1 -- 12 September 2024

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Keywords

Wi-Fi, firmware, automatic recovery, driver, independent reset, firmware command timeout, firmware wake-up timeout, TX watchdog timeout, firmware trigger dump, station (STA), mobile access point (Mobile AP), Linux OS

Abstract

Explains the Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery feature for Linux OS and provides examples for STA and Mobile AP mode.

NXP Semiconductors

AN14213
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

1 About this document
This document describes the Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery feature for Linux OS. The feature is triggered when the Wi-Fi driver detects firmware exceptions or firmware timeouts.
1.1 Prerequisites
The following is required for Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery:
· Device operating in STA or Mobile AP mode · PCIe and/or SDIO Wi-Fi host interface · Wi-Fi Automatic Recovery included in the software release
Note: Check the release notes. · Linux OS
1.2 Supported devices
Refer to the section Feature list and/or the Release notes of the device software release package to check if WiFi Firmware Automatic Recovery is supported. Devices that support Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery are:
· 88Q9098 [1] · 88W8987 [2] · 88W8997 [3] · 88W9098 [4] · IW416 [5] · IW611 [6] · IW612 [7] · AW611 [8] · AW690 [9]

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AN14213
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

2 What is Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery?
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery is an NXP proprietary feature that uses Independent Reset (IR) for automatic Wi-Fi firmware re-download and Wi-Fi interfaces re-initialization. The following events trigger the feature:
· Firmware command timeout · Firmware wake-up timeout · TX watchdog timeout · Firmware trigger dump
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery triggers Independent Reset (IR) via SDIO or PCIe. The firmware is redownloaded without affecting Bluetooth/802.15.4 activity. The Wi-Fi driver sends a recovery event to an application controlling wpa_supplicant and/or hostapd, WLAN Middleware (MW), to reinitialize the Wi-Fi interfaces (mlan0, uap0, p2p0). If wpa_supplicant and/or hostapd is not required, the Wi-Fi driver skips this step.
Figure 1 shows the software architecture.

Figure 1.NXP Wi-Fi Automatic Recovery Software Architecture

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Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

2.1 Flow
Figure 2 shows the Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery flow.

Figure 2.Firmware Automatic Recovery Flow-Diagram
· The Wi-Fi driver detects one of the trigger events: Firmware command timeout: After command timeout, the driver does not get a command response from the firmware. Firmware wake-up timeout: After wake-up timeout, the driver does not get a wake-up response from the firmware. TX watchdog timeout: The Wi-Fi driver receives 5 times continuous TX watchdog timeout from the kernel. Firmware trigger dump: When FW detects an exception/crash, causing a firmware dump.
· The driver triggers: in-band reset on SDIO devices, or FLR on PCIe devices.
· After reset, the driver reloads the Wi-Fi-only firmware binary and waits for the firmware to activate. Bluetooth/802.15.4 remain unchanged.
· The driver sends an event to notify the application, mlanevent, that firmware recovery is completed.

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Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

3 Configuration
By default, the Wi-Fi Automatic Recovery feature is enabled. This feature can also be enabled by the driver load parameter (auto_fw_reload=3 for PCIe, auto_fw_reload=1 for SDIO).
When Wi-Fi automatic recovery is triggered, the driver automatically reloads the default standalone Wi-Fi firmware in the host system's firmware directory, /lib/firmware/nxp. The firmware binary (fw_name = nxp/ <fw_name>) does not need to be specified.
Ensure that both combo and standalone firmware files with the default name are placed under /lib/firmware/nxp. For instance, on IW612, the default combo FW name is sduart_nw61x_v1.bin.se and the default standalone WiFi FW name is sd_w61x_v1.bin.se. Refer to the software release package for the default firmware names.
Note: Refer to the README in the SW release package for more information.
Note: Users must use Wi-Fi-only firmware for this feature to work properly.

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Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

4 Examples
This section provides examples for Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery in STA and Mobile AP mode using the 88W9098 PCIe interface. Any device with a host interface SDIO and/or PCIe mentioned in Section 1.2 "Supported devices" can follow the examples.
4.1 STA mode
The following steps demonstrate Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery in STA mode:
Step 1 Copy both combo firmware and standalone Wi-Fi firmware to the system's firmware (/lib/ firmware/nxp/) folder.
Step 2 Load the DUT with drivers and firmware.
insmod mlan.ko insmod moal.ko drvdbg=0x20037
Note: drvdbg=0x20037 is optional and is used to print debug logs.
Command output example:
mlan: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel. wlan: Loading MWLAN driver wlan: Register to Bus Driver... wlan_pcie 0001:01:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) Attach moal handle ops, card interface type: 0x206 PCIE9098: init module param from usr cfg card_type: PCIE9098, config block: 0 cfg80211_wext=0xf max_vir_bss=1 wfd_name=p2p cntry_txpwr = 1 drv_mode = 1 cal_data_cfg=none ps_mode = 2 auto_ds = 2 auto_fw_reload 3 host_mlme=enable rx_work=1 cpu_num=4 Attach mlan adapter operations.card_type is 0x206. Request firmware: nxp/pcieuart9098_combo_v1.bin FW download over, size 702324 bytes WLAN FW is active on_time is 72955005249 fw hotfix ver=13 fw ver=15.1 uap fw ver=2.0 max_p2p_conn = 8, max_sta_conn = 64 fw_cap_info=0xc8fcefa3 fw_cap_ext=0x280 wlan: version = PCIE9098--17.92.1.p136.13-MM5X17366.p5-GPL-(FP92) wlan: Register to Bus Driver Done wlan: Driver loaded successfully
Firmware was loaded successfully and Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery is enabled (auto_fw_reload = 3).

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AN14213
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

Step 3 Bring up DUT in STA mode using wpa_supplicant.
Example wpa_supplicant content:
network={ SSID="SSID" psk="Password" key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
}
Step 4 Run wpa_supplicant.
wpa_supplicant -i mlan0 -D nl80211 -c <path_to_file>/wpa_supplicant.conf -B
Command output example:
rfkill: Cannot open RFKILL control device mlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 (SSID='ASUS_2G' freq=2462 MHz) mlan0: Trying to associate with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 (SSID='ASUS_2G' freq=2462 MHz) mlan0: WPA: Key negotiation completed with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 [PTK=CCMP GTK=CCMP] mlan0: CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 completed [id=0 id_str=] mlan0: Associated with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 mlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SSID-REENABLED id=0 ssid="ASUS_2G" mlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 (SSID='ASUS_2G' freq=2437 MHz) mlan0: Trying to associate with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 (SSID='ASUS_2G' freq=2437 MHz) mlan0: Associated with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 mlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0 mlan0: CTRL-EVENT-REGDOM-CHANGE init=COUNTRY_IE type=COUNTRY alpha2=US mlan0: WPA: Key negotiation completed with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 [PTK=CCMP GTK=CCMP] mlan0: CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 completed [id=0 id_str=]
Step 5 The driver detects any firmware condition including command timeout, wake-up timeout, TX watchdog timeout, and firmware trigger dump. The user can see the following output on the dmesg:
Note: "Bad address" in the output shows that the device entered into a bad state.
mlanutl: Bad address mlanutl: host cmd fails FW trigger fw dump =====FW trigger dump==== ==== Start Receive FW dump event ==== ==== FW DUMP END: 2497616 bytes ==== fw dump total length is 2497628 wlan: Notify FW dump complete event Vendor event :0x1 Start to process hanging Cancel all pending cmd!

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Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

Step 6 DUT firmware automatically recovers, restarts in STA mode, and reconnects to the external AP.
Note: The ongoing Wi-Fi data transmission is impacted and might be lost.
Command output example:
WIFI auto_fw_reload: fw_reload=4 woal_pcie_reset_done: vendor=0x1B4B device=0x2B43 rev=2 Post-FLR rx_work=1 cpu_num=4 Attach mlan adapter operations.card_type is 0x206. Request firmware: nxp/pcie9098_wlan_v1.bin FW download over, size 514000 bytes WLAN FW is active on_time is 150619556173 wlan: version = PCIE9098--17.92.1.p136.13-MM5X17366.p5-GPL-(FP92) mlan0: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=7c:10:c9:02:da:48 reason=3 locally_generated=1 Could not read interface mlan0 flags: No such device rfkill: Cannot open RFKILL control device mlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SSID-REENABLED id=0 ssid="ASUS_2G" mlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 (SSID='ASUS_2G' freq=2437 MHz) mlan0: Trying to associate with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 (SSID='ASUS_2G' freq=2437 MHz) mlan0: Associated with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 mlan0: CTRL-EVENT-REGDOM-CHANGE init=COUNTRY_IE type=COUNTRY alpha2=US mlan0: WPA: Key negotiation completed with 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 [PTK=CCMP GTK=CCMP] mlan0: CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 7c:10:c9:02:da:48 completed [id=0 id_str=]

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Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

4.2 Mobile AP mode
The following steps demonstrate Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery in Mobile AP mode:
Step 1 Copy both combo firmware and standalone Wi-Fi firmware to the system's firmware (/lib/ firmware/nxp/) folder.
Step 2 Load the DUT with drivers and firmware.
insmod mlan.ko insmod moal.ko drvdbg=0x20037
Note: drvdbg=0x20037 is optional and is used to print debug logs.
Command output example:
mlan: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel. wlan: Loading MWLAN driver wlan: Register to Bus Driver... wlan_pcie 0001:01:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002) Attach moal handle ops, card interface type: 0x206 PCIE9098: init module param from usr cfg card_type: PCIE9098, config block: 0 cfg80211_wext=0xf max_vir_bss=1 wfd_name=p2p cntry_txpwr = 1 drv_mode = 1 cal_data_cfg=none ps_mode = 2 auto_ds = 2 auto_fw_reload 3 host_mlme=enable rx_work=1 cpu_num=4 Attach mlan adapter operations.card_type is 0x206. Request firmware: nxp/pcieuart9098_combo_v1.bin FW download over, size 702324 bytes WLAN FW is active on_time is 72955005249 fw hotfix ver=13 fw ver=15.1 uap fw ver=2.0 max_p2p_conn = 8, max_sta_conn = 64 fw_cap_info=0xc8fcefa3 fw_cap_ext=0x280 wlan: version = PCIE9098--17.92.1.p136.13-MM5X17366.p5-GPL-(FP92) wlan: Register to Bus Driver Done wlan: Driver loaded successfully
Firmware was loaded successfully and Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery is enabled (auto_fw_reload = 3).
Step 3 Bring up DUT in Mobile AP mode using hostapd.
Example hostapd content:
interface=uap0 hw_mode=g channel=6 country_code=US ssid=NXP_Demo ieee80211n=1

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Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

Step 4 Start hostapd.
./hostapd hostapd.conf &
Command output example:
uap0: interface state UNINITIALIZED->COUNTRY_UPDATE wlan: Starting AP wlan: AP started wlan: HostMlme uap0 send deauth/disassoc Set AC=3, txop=47 cwmin=3, cwmax=7 aifs=1 Set AC=2, txop=94 cwmin=7, cwmax=15 aifs=1 Set AC=0, txop=0 cwmin=15, cwmax=63 aifs=3 Set AC=1, txop=0 cwmin=15, cwmax=1023 aifs=7 uap0: interface state COUNTRY_UPDATE->ENABLED uap0: AP-ENABLED
Step 5 Connect to a peer STA device.
Command output example:
wlan: HostMlme Auth received from 9a:XX:XX:XX:a2:3f wlan: HostMlme uap0 send Auth uap0: STA 9a:61:79:5f:a2:3f IEEE [ 72.282948] uap0: wlan: HostMlme MICRO_AP_STA_ASSOC 9a:XX:XX:XX:a2:3f 802.11: authenticated wlan: UAP/GO add peer station, address =9a:XX:XX:XX:a2:3f wlan: HostMlme uap0 send assoc/reassoc resp uap0: STA 9a:61:79:5f:a2:3f IEEE 802.11: associated (aid 1) uap0: AP-STA-CONNECTED 9a:61:79:5f:a2:3f uap0: STA 9a:61:79:5f:a2:3f RADIUS: starting accounting session AAF447DAEC59CB0F
Step 6 The driver detects any firmware condition including command timeout, wake-up timeout, TX watchdog timeout, and firmware trigger dump. The user can see the following output on the dmesg:
Note: "Bad address" in the output shows that the device entered into a bad state.
mlanutl: Bad address mlanutl: host cmd fails FW trigger fw dump =====FW trigger dump==== ==== Start Receive FW dump event ==== ==== FW DUMP END: 2497616 bytes ==== fw dump total length is 2497628 wlan: Notify FW dump complete event Vendor event :0x1 Start to process hanging Cancel all pending cmd!

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AN14213
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

Step 7 DUT firmware automatically recovers, restarts Mobile AP mode, and reconnects to the external STA.
Note: The ongoing Wi-Fi data transmission is impacted and might be lost.
Command output example:
Request firmware: nxp/pcie9098_wlan_v1.bin FW download over, size 504512 bytes WLAN FW is active on_time is 107543528961 PCIE FW Reload successfully. WLAN FW already running! Skip FW download FW Reload successfully. fw_cap_info=0xc8fcefa3, dev_cap_mask=0xffffffff max_p2p_conn = 8, max_sta_conn = 64 wlan: warm reset complete wlan: version = PCIE9098--17.92.1.p136.131-MM5X17391.p3-GPL-(FP92) wlan: post_reset remove/add interface wlan: Stoping AP woal_cfg80211_del_beacon: stop uap failed woal_close: woal_disconnect failed uap0: INTERFACE-DISABLED Fail to get ap channel uap0: AP-DISABLED uap0: AP-STA-DISCONNECTED 9a:61:79:5f:a2:3f get fw info failed! status=-1, error_code=0x0 11D: Error setting domain info in FW Set country code failed! Failed to set beacon parameters nl80211: deinit ifname=uap0 disabled_11b_rates=0 uap0: interface state ENABLED->DISABLED Register NXP 802.11 Adapter mlan0 wlan: uap%d set max_mtu 2000 Register NXP 802.11 Adapter uap0 Auto recovery: enable iface rfkill: Cannot open RFKILL contro[ 107.857596] wlan: Starting AP l device uap0: interface state DISABLED->COUNTRY_UPDATE wlan: AP started Register NXP 802.11 Adapter wfd0 wlan: post_reset remove/add interface done wlan: HostMlme uap0 send deauth/disassoc Set AC=3, txop=47 cwmin=3, cwmax=7 aifs=1 VDLL image: len=140760 fw_cap_info=0x48fcefa3, dev_cap_mask=0xffffffff max_p2p_conn = 8, max_sta_conn = 64 Set AC=2, txop=94 cwmin=7, cwmax=15 aifs=1 Set AC=0, txop=0 cwmin=15, cwmax=63 aifs=3 wlan: warm reset complete Set AC=1, txop=0 cwmin=15, cwmax=1023 aifs=7 wlan: version = PCIE9098--17.92.1.p136.131-MM5X17391.p3-GPL-(FP92) wlan: post_reset remove/add interface uap0: interface state COUNTRY_UPDATE->ENABLED uap0: AP-ENABLED Register NXP 802.11 Adapter mmlan0 wlan: muap%d set max_mtu 2000 Register NXP 802.11 Adapter muap0 Register NXP 802.11 Adapter mwfd0 wlan: post_reset remove/add interface done uap0: wlan: HostMlme Auth received from 9a:XX:XX:XX:a2:3f wlan: HostMlme uap0 send Auth uap0: STA 9a:61:79:5f:a2:3f IEEE 802.11: authenticated uap0: wlan: HostMlme MICRO_AP_STA_ASSOC 9a:XX:XX:XX:a2:3f wlan: UAP/GO add peer station, address =9a:XX:XX:XX:a2:3f wlan: HostMlme uap0 send assoc/reassoc resp uap0: STA 9a:61:79:5f:a2:3f IEEE 802.11: associated (aid 1) uap0: AP-STA-CONNECTED 9a:61:79:5f:a2:3f uap0: STA 9a:61:79:5f:a2:3f RADIUS: starting accounting session 885F1C86E49EEDB6

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5 Abbreviations

Table 1.Abbreviations

Acronym

Description

Access point

DUT

Device under test

STA

Station

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Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

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6 References
[1] Webpage - 88W9098: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 2x2 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.3 (link) [2] Webpage - 88W8987: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 5 (802.11ac) + Bluetooth® 5.2 Solution (link) [3] Webpage - 88W8997: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 2x2 Wi-Fi® 5 (802.11ac) + Bluetooth® 5.3 Solution (link) [4] Webpage - 88Q9098/88Q9098S: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 2x2 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.3
Automotive Solution (link) [5] Webpage - IW416: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 4 (802.11n) + Bluetooth® 5.2 Solution (link) [6] Webpage - IW611: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.2 Solution (link) [7] Webpage - IW612: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.2 + 802.15.4 Tri-radio
Solution (link) [8] Webpage - AW611: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.2 Automotive Solution
(link) [9] Webpage - AW690: Wi-Fi® 6 1x1 Concurrent Dual Wi-Fi (CDW) and Bluetooth® 5.3 Combo SoC (link)

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7 Note about the source code in the document
The example code shown in this document has the following copyright and BSD-3-Clause license:
Copyright 2024 NXP Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials must be provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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8 Revision history

Table 2.Revision history Document ID
AN14213 v.1

Release date

Description

12 September 2024 · Initial version

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AN14213
Application note

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 1 -- 12 September 2024

NXP Semiconductors

AN14213
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

Tables
Tab. 1. Abbreviations ...................................................12 Tab. 2. Revision history ...............................................15

AN14213
Application note

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 1 -- 12 September 2024

NXP Semiconductors

AN14213
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

Figures

Fig. 1.

NXP Wi-Fi Automatic Recovery Software Architecture ....................................................... 3

Fig. 2.

Firmware Automatic Recovery FlowDiagram ............................................................. 4

AN14213
Application note

All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers.
Rev. 1 -- 12 September 2024

NXP Semiconductors

AN14213
Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic Recovery for Linux OS

Contents

About this document .......................................2

1.1

Prerequisites ...................................................... 2

1.2

Supported devices ............................................. 2

What is Wi-Fi Firmware Automatic

Recovery? .........................................................3

2.1

Flow ................................................................... 4

Configuration ................................................... 5

Examples .......................................................... 6

4.1

STA mode ..........................................................6

4.2

Mobile AP mode ................................................ 9

Abbreviations ................................................. 12

References ......................................................13

Note about the source code in the

document ........................................................14

Revision history .............................................15

Legal information ...........................................16

Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section 'Legal information'.

For more information, please visit: https://www.nxp.com

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Date of release: 12 September 2024 Document identifier: AN14213

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