Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM) Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

AN14163

Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE), Direct Test Mode (DTM), Device Under Test (DUT)

NXP B.V.

Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

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1 day ago — Direct Test Mode (DTM) is used to control the Device Under Test (DUT) and provide a report back to the Tester. With this mode, the operation of the radio at ...

Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM) - Application note

AW611: 1x1 Wi-Fi 6 Bluetooth 5.4 Automotive Solution | NXP Semiconductors

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Document DEVICE REPORTAN14163

AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)
Rev. 2.0 -- 4 July 2024

Application note

Document information

Information

Content

Keywords

Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE), Direct Test Mode (DTM), Device Under Test (DUT)

Abstract

Explains how to perform DTM tests using HCI commands.

NXP Semiconductors

AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

1 About this document
Direct Test Mode (DTM) is used to control the Device Under Test (DUT) and provide a report back to the Tester. With this mode, the operation of the radio at the physical level, such as Transmission power and receiver sensitivity, Frequency offset and drift, Modulation characteristics, Packet error rate can be tested. More details on DTM are described in the Bluetooth Core Specification, Volume 6, Part F [1].
This document explains how to perform DTM tests using HCI commands.
1.1 Supported devices
This feature is supported by the following devices:
· AW611 [2] · AW690 [3] · IW416 [4] · IW611 [5] · IW612 [6] · IW620 [7] · 88Q9098/88Q9098S [8] · 88W8887 [9] · 88W8897P [10] · 88W8977 [11] · 88W8987 [12] · 88W8997 [13] · 88W9098[14]
Note: In the following sections, the supported devices may be referred to as "Wireless SoC".
1.2 Notation conventions
This document employs the following notation conventions:
· Commands and examples of command outputs are shown in paragraphs with grey background color
This is an example of command
· Terms related to commands use a monospace font: parameter option command name
· File names, directory names and paths are shown in italics: <file name>.<extension> <directory> path/to/directory/and/file

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Rev. 2.0 -- 4 July 2024

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2 Setup
The following hardware is required to perform DTM tests: · Laptop · Bluetooth RF Tester · NXP DUT · RS232 cable/RF cable Figure 1 shows the general setup structure for DTM testing.

AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

Bluetooth RF Tester
Figure 1.DTM setup

RF cable

DUT

UART

Laptop

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Rev. 2.0 -- 4 July 2024

NXP Semiconductors

AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

3 Commands
In order to perform DTM, HCI commands are used. The commands are: · HCI_LE_Transmitter_Test · HCI_LE_Receiver_Test · HCI_LE_Test_End

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Rev. 2.0 -- 4 July 2024

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AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

3.1 HCI_LE_Transmitter_Test
This command is used to start a test where the DUT generates test reference packets at a fixed interval. Syntax:

hcitool -i hci0 cmd 08 <OCF> <TX_Channel> <Test_Data_Length> <Packet_Payload> <PHY>

Table 1 and Table 2 provide information about the command and return parameters.

Table 1.HCI_LE_Transmitter_Test command

Parameter

Description

OGF

0x08

OCF

0x001E = v1 [v4.2 and above] 0x0034 = v2 [v5.0 and above]

TX_Channel

TX channel 1 octet N = (F-2402) / 2 Range (N) = 0x00 to 0x27 Frequency Range (F) = 2402 MHz to 2480 MHz

Test_Data_Length

Length in bytes of payload data in each packet 1 octet Range = 0x00 to 0xFF

Packet_Payload

contents of the Payload of the test reference packets 1 octet 0x00 = PRBS9 sequence '11111111100000111101...' (in transmission order)

PHY

PHY requested

(Applicable if OCF = 0x0034) 1 octet

0x01 = Transmitter set to use the LE 1M PHY

0x02 = Transmitter set to use the LE 2M PHY

0x03 = Transmitter set to use the LE Coded PHY with S=8 data coding

0x04 = Transmitter set to use the LE Coded PHY with S=2 data coding

Table 2.Return Parameters

Parameter

Description

Status

Status 1 octet 0x00 = success, 0x1 to 0xFF = error

Events

Command complete event returned.

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AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

3.2 HCI_LE_Receiver_Test
This command is used to start a test where the DUT receives test reference packets at a fixed interval. The tester generates the test reference packets. There are two versions of this command with differing parameters. Syntax:

hcitool -i hci0 cmd 08 <OCF> <RX_Channel> <PHY> <Modulation_Index>

Table 3 and Table 4 provide information about the command and return parameters.

Table 3.HCI_LE_Receiver_Test command

Parameter

Description

OGF

0x08

OCF

0x001D = v1 [v4.2 and above] 0x0033 = v2 [v5.0 and above]

RX_Channel

RX channel 1 octet N = (F-2402) / 2 Range (N) = 0x00 to 0x27 Frequency Range (F) = 2402 MHz to 2480 MHz

PHY (Applicable if OCF = 0x0033)

PHY requested 1 octet 0x01 = Transmitter set to use the LE 1M PHY 0x02 = Transmitter set to use the LE 2M PHY 0x03 = Receiver set to use the LE Coded PHY

Modulation_Index (Applicable if OCF = 0x0033)

Specifies whether the Controller should assume the receiver has a stable modulation index 1 octet 0x00 = Assume transmitter will have a standard modulation index 0x01 = Assume transmitter will have a stable modulation index

Table 4.Return Parameters Parameter Status
Events

Description
Status 1 octet 0x00 = success 0x1 0xFF = error
Command complete event returned.

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AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

3.3 HCI_LE_Test_End
This command is used to stop a DTM test. Syntax:

hcitool -i hci0 cmd 08 1F

Table 5 and Table 6 provide information about the command and return parameters.

Table 5. HCI_LE_Test_End command Parameter OGF OCF

Description 0x08 0x001F

Table 6.Return Parameters Parameter Status
Num_Packets Events

Description
Status 1 octet 0x00 = success 0x001 to 0xFF = error
0xXXXX Number of packets received 2 octets
Command complete event returned.

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4 Examples
This section provides DTM tests examples.

AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

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AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

4.1 LE transmitter test
This example shows how to test LE TX. Step 1 Set up the test environment. Step 2 Load the drivers and firmware onto the DUT. Step 3 Check if the Bluetooth interface is UP RUNNING on DUT.
hciconfig -a
Example output:
hci0: Type: Primary Bus: UART BD Address: 88:88:88:88:88:88 ACL MTU: 1021:7 SCO MTU: 120:6 UP RUNNING RX bytes:1513 acl:0 sco:0 events:92 errors:0 TX bytes:1282 acl:0 sco:0 commands:92 errors:0
In the following steps, the Bluetooth interface, hci0 is used. Step 4 Connect DUT to spectrum analyzer Step 5 Configure spectrum analyzer Step 6 Start the LE transmit test with appropriate parameters. Syntax:
hcitool -i hci0 cmd 08 <OCF> <TX_Channel> <Test_Data_Length> <Packet_Payload> <PHY>
Example command: · OGF = 08 · OCF = 34 · TX_Channel = 00 // 2402 MHz · Test_Data_Length = FF · Packet_Payload = 00 // PRBS9 sequence · PHY = 02 // LE 2M PHY
hcitool -i hci0 cmd 08 34 00 ff 00 02
Example output:
< HCI Command: ogf 0x08, ocf 0x0034, plen 4 00 FF 00 02
> HCI Event: 0x0e plen 4 01 34 20 00

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Step 7 Stop the test. hcitool -i hci0 cmd 08 1F
Example output: < HCI Command: ogf 0x08, ocf 0x001f, plen 0 > HCI Event: 0x0e plen 6 01 1F 20 00 00 00

AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

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Rev. 2.0 -- 4 July 2024

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AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

4.2 LE Receiver test
This example shows how to test LE RX. Step 1 Set up the test environment. Step 2 Load the drivers and firmware onto the DUT. Step 3 Check if the Bluetooth interface is UP RUNNING on DUT.

hciconfig -a

Example output:

hci0: Type: Primary Bus: UART BD Address: 88:88:88:88:88:88 ACL MTU: 1021:7 SCO MTU: 120:6 UP RUNNING RX bytes:1513 acl:0 sco:0 events:92 errors:0 TX bytes:1282 acl:0 sco:0 commands:92 errors:0

In the following steps, the Bluetooth interface, hci0 is used. Step 4 Connect DUT to spectrum analyzer Step 5 Configure spectrum analyzer Step 6 Start LE receive the appropriate HCI_LE_Reciever_test command. Syntax:

hcitool -i hci0 cmd 08 <OCF> <RX_Channel> <PHY> <Modulation_Index>

Example command:
· OGF = 08 · OCF = 33 · RX_Channel = 00 // 2402 MHz · PHY = 02 // LE 2M PHY · Modulation_Index = 00 // Standard modulation

hcitool -i hci0 cmd 08 33 00 02 00

Example output:

< HCI Command: ogf 0x08, ocf 0x0033, plen 3 00 02 00
> HCI Event: 0x0e plen 4 01 33 20 00

Step 7 Stop LE test.

hcitool -i hci0 cmd 08 1F

Example output:

< HCI Command: ogf 0x08, ocf 0x001f, plen 0 > HCI Event: 0x0e plen 6
01 1F 20 00 00 00

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5 Acronyms and abbreviations

Table 7.Acronyms Acronym DTM DUT LE BT TX RX HCI

Description Direct test mode Device under test Low Energy Bluetooth Transmit Receive Host Controller Interface

AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

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AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

6 References
[1] Specification - Bluetooth Core 5.3 specification (link) [2] Webpage - AW611: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.2 Automotive Solution
(link) [3] Webpage - AW690: Wi-Fi® 6 1x1 Concurrent Dual Wi-Fi (CDW) and Bluetooth® 5.3 Combo SoC (link) [4] Webpage - IW416: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 4 (802.11n) + Bluetooth® 5.2 Solution (link) [5] Webpage - IW611: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.2 Solution (link) [6] Webpage - IW612: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.2 + 802.15.4 Tri-radio
Solution (link) [7] Webpage - IW620: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 2x2 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.1 Solution (link) [8] Webpage - 88Q9098/88Q9098S: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 2x2 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.3
Automotive Solution (link) [9] Webpage - 88W8887: 1x1 Dual-band Wi-Fi® 5 (802.11ac) and Bluetooth®5.2 Combo Solution (link) [10] Webpage - 88W8897P: (Automotive): 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 2x2 Wi-Fi® 5 (802.11ac) + Bluetooth® 5
Solution (link) [11] Webpage - 88W8977: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 4 (802.11n) + Bluetooth® 5.2 Solution (link) [12] Webpage - 88W8987: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 1x1 Wi-Fi® 5 (802.11ac) + Bluetooth® 5.2 Solution (link) [13] Webpage - 88W8997: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 2x2 Wi-Fi® 5 (802.11ac) + Bluetooth® 5.3 Solution (link) [14] Webpage - 88W9098: 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band 2x2 Wi-Fi® 6 (802.11ax) + Bluetooth® 5.3 (link)

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Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

7 Note about the source code in the document
The example code shown in this document has the following copyright and BSD-3-Clause license:
Copyright 2024 NXP Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials must be provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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8 Revision history

Table 8.Revision history Document ID
AN14163 v.2

Release date 04 July 2024

AN14163 v.1

19 April 2024

AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)
Description Security status changed to public. · Section 1.1 "Supported devices": updated. · Initial version

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Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

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AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

Tables

Tab. 1. Tab. 2. Tab. 3. Tab. 4.

HCI_LE_Transmitter_Test command .................5 Return Parameters ............................................ 5 HCI_LE_Receiver_Test command .................... 6 Return Parameters ............................................ 6

Tab. 5. Tab. 6. Tab. 7. Tab. 8.

HCI_LE_Test_End command ............................ 7 Return Parameters ............................................ 7 Acronyms .........................................................12 Revision history ...............................................15

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Figures
Fig. 1. DTM setup .........................................................3

AN14163
Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

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Contents

About this document .......................................2

1.1

Supported devices ............................................. 2

1.2

Notation conventions ......................................... 2

Setup ................................................................. 3

Commands ....................................................... 4

3.1

HCI_LE_Transmitter_Test ..................................5

3.2

HCI_LE_Receiver_Test ......................................6

3.3

HCI_LE_Test_End ............................................. 7

Examples .......................................................... 8

4.1

LE transmitter test ............................................. 9

4.2

LE Receiver test .............................................. 11

Acronyms and abbreviations ....................... 12

References ......................................................13

Note about the source code in the

document ........................................................14

Revision history .............................................15

Legal information ...........................................16

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Bluetooth Direct Test Mode (DTM)

Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section 'Legal information'.

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