Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. SEL-3031W R34-SEL-3031W R34SEL3031W sel 3031w
Instruction Manual for SCHWEITZER ENGINEERING LABORATORIES models including: SEL-3031W, SEL3031W, R34-SEL-3031W, R34SEL3031W, SEL-3031 Serial Radio Transceiver, SEL-3031, Serial Radio Transceiver, Transceiver, Radio Transceiver
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Document Document DEVICE REPORTGetApplicationAttachment.html?id=6341322SEL-3031
Serial Radio Transceiver
Instruction Manual
20211103
*PM3031-01*
© 20142022 by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
All brand or product names appearing in this document are the trademark or registered trademark of their respective holders. No SEL trademarks may be used without written permission. SEL products appearing in this document may be covered by U.S. and Foreign patents.
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. reserves all rights and benefits afforded under federal and international copyright and patent laws in its products, including without limitation software, firmware, and documentation.
The information in this document is provided for informational use only and is subject to change without notice. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. has approved only the English language document.
This product is covered by the standard SEL 10-year warranty. For warranty details, visit selinc.com or contact
your customer service representative.
PM3031-01
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Table of Contents
List of Tables .......................................................................................................... iii
List of Figures ..........................................................................................................v
Preface ..................................................................................................................... vii
Section 1: Introduction and Overview
Overview ................................................................................................................1.1 Features, Benefits, and Applications......................................................................1.2 Models, Options, and Accessories .........................................................................1.3 Product Diagrams...................................................................................................1.6 Specifications .........................................................................................................1.9
Section 2: Installation
Overview ................................................................................................................2.1 Unit Placement and Maintenance Physical Location...........................................2.11 Connections .......................................................................................................... 2.12 Front-Panel Indicators ..........................................................................................2.15 Communications ..................................................................................................2.16
Section 3: Job Done Examples
Overview ................................................................................................................3.1 High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS
Communications .......................................................................................... 3.1 Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and
Measurements .............................................................................................. 3.6 Setting Up a Point-to-Multipoint Link Using DNP3 SCADA Protocol ..............3.10 Configuring Collocated Antennas Using SEL Hop-Sync Technology................3.16
Section 4: Settings and Commands
PC Software ...........................................................................................................4.1 Settings ...................................................................................................................4.5 Commands............................................................................................................4.17
Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting
Overview ................................................................................................................5.1 Monitoring Radio Performance..............................................................................5.1 Self-Test .................................................................................................................5.5 Troubleshooting .....................................................................................................5.6
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
ii Table of Contents
Appendix A: Firmware and Manual Versions
Firmware............................................................................................................... A.1 Instruction Manual................................................................................................ A.2
Appendix B: Firmware Upgrade Instructions
Overview ...............................................................................................................B.1 Technical Support..................................................................................................B.3
Appendix C: SEL-3044 Encryption Card
Overview ...............................................................................................................C.1 NIST FIPS 140-2 Level 2 Security Requirements ................................................C.1 Theory of Operation--SEL Protocol.....................................................................C.2
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Table 1.2 Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Table 2.5 Table 2.6 Table 2.7 Table 2.8
Table 2.9 Table 2.10 Table 2.11 Table A.1 Table A.2
Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories .............................................1.4 Certifications by Country................................................................1.12 Fresnel Zone Diameter......................................................................2.3 Antennas Permitted for Use With the SEL-3031..............................2.4 900-MHz Frequency Skip Zones (Part Numbers Starting With
30310)..........................................................................................2.7 900-MHz Frequency Skip Zones for Brazil (Part Numbers
Starting With 30311) ...................................................................2.7 Length vs. Loss in Coaxial Cables at 900 MHz ...............................2.7 Default Passwords...........................................................................2.14 Password Jumper Position ..............................................................2.15 Communications Cables for Time and Communications
Connections ...............................................................................2.15 Front-Panel Status Indicator LEDs .................................................2.16 SEL-3031 Port Description.............................................................2.16 SEL-3031 Port Description.............................................................2.18
Firmware Revision History..............................................................A.1 Instruction Manual Revision History...............................................A.3
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SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
This page intentionally left blank
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Point-to-Point Product Overview......................................................1.1 Figure 1.2 Point-to-Multipoint Product Overview .............................................1.2 Figure 1.3 Radio Antenna Connections .............................................................1.5 Figure 1.4 SEL-3031 Dimensions ......................................................................1.6 Figure 1.5 SEL-3031 Rack Mount (Front and Rear) .........................................1.7 Figure 1.6 SEL-3031 Wall Mount (Front and Rear) ..........................................1.8 Figure 2.1 Fresnel Zone .....................................................................................2.2 Figure 2.2 Antenna Polarization.........................................................................2.6 Figure 2.3 Collocated Antennas With Two Radio Links ...................................2.9 Figure 2.4 Three Collocated Synchronized Radios..........................................2.10 Figure 2.5 Wall-Mount and Rack-Mount Rear Connections ...........................2.12 Figure 2.6 SEL-C693 Cable: Two-Wire EIA-485 Connections ......................2.17 Figure 2.7 EIA-232 and EIA-485 DB-9 Connector Pin Numbers ...................2.17 Figure 2.8 SEL-C245A Cable: SEL-3031 to Computer ..................................2.19 Figure 2.9 SEL-C285 Cable: SEL-3031 to DTE Device (SEL Relays)...........2.19 Figure 2.10 SEL-C387 Cable: SEL-3031 to SEL Communications
Processor With IRIG-B .............................................................2.20 Figure 2.11 SEL-C273A Cable: SEL-3031 Repeater and Synchronizing
Cable .......................................................................................... 2.20 Figure 2.12 SEL-C576 Cable: Synchronizing Cable for SEL-3031 ..................2.21 Figure 2.13 USB Interface .................................................................................2.21 Figure 3.1 SEL MIRRORED BITS Connection Example......................................3.1 Figure 3.2 SEL-3031 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection ................3.2 Figure 3.3 SEL-351 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection ..................3.3 Figure 3.4 SEL-451 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection ..................3.4 Figure 3.5 SEL-2505 DIP Switch Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection ....3.5 Figure 3.6 TAR ROKA Command From an SEL-351.......................................3.5 Figure 3.7 SEL-3031 Linking Information Processors to Relays ......................3.6 Figure 3.8 SEL-3031 Port 1 Settings for Fast Messaging..................................3.7 Figure 3.9 SEL-351 Port Settings for Fast Messaging.......................................3.8 Figure 3.10 Example AUTO Command Output ..................................................3.9 Figure 3.11 SEL-3031 Point-to-Multipoint Example ........................................3.10 Figure 3.12 Radio Settings for Point-to-Multipoint ...........................................3.11 Figure 3.13 Port 1 Settings for Point-to-Multipoint...........................................3.12 Figure 3.14 SEL-3530 RTAC DNP3 Settings ...................................................3.13 Figure 3.15 SEL-651R Communications Settings for P2MP ............................3.14 Figure 3.16 SEL-651R DNP Port Settings for P2MP ........................................3.15 Figure 3.17 Setting up Collocated Antennas at a Repeater Location.................3.16 Figure 3.18 SYNC Settings for Master Radio....................................................3.18
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
vi List of Figures
Figure C.1 Figure C.2 Figure C.3 Figure C.4
SEL-3044 Encryption Card..............................................................C.1 In-Band Data Packet Format............................................................C.4 Operation of the AES Encryption Function .....................................C.5 Encryption Card Location ................................................................C.7
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Preface
Manual Overview
The SEL-3031 Serial Radio Transceiver manual includes the information needed to properly install and operate the product.
The scope of this manual includes specifications, installation, mechanical information, self-monitoring, and alarming.
An overview of each manual section and topics follows.
Preface. Describes the manual organization and conventions used to
present information.
Section 1: Introduction and Overview. Describes the basic features and
functions of the SEL-3031, and lists the specifications.
Section 2: Installation. Describes how to mount and wire the SEL-3031;
illustrates wiring connections for various applications.
Section3: Job Done Examples. Describes common SEL-3031 applications. Appendix A: Firmware and Manual Versions. Details differences between
firmware versions. Provides a record of changes made to the manual.
Appendix B: Firmware Upgrade Instructions. Provides instructions for
upgrading the firmware in the SEL-3031.
Appendix C: SEL-3044 Encryption Card. Describes how the encryption card
operates to secure wireless data. Provides installation information.
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
viii Preface
Safety Information
Safety Information
Dangers, Warnings, and Cautions
This manual uses three kinds of hazard statements, defined as follows:
DANGER
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury or equipment damage.
Safety Symbols
The following symbols are often marked on SEL products.
CAUTION
Refer to accompanying documents.
Earth (ground)
ATTENTION
Se reporter à la documentation.
Terre
Protective earth (ground)
Terre de protection
Direct current Alternating current
Courant continu Courant alternatif
Both direct and alternating current Courant continu et alternatif
Instruction manual
Manuel d'instructions
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Preface ix
Safety Information
Safety Marks
The following statements apply to this device.
General Safety Marks
For use in Pollution Degree 2 environment. Pour l'utilisation dans un environnement de Degré de Pollution 2.
Terminal Ratings Wire Materials Use copper conductors only.
Spécifications des bornes Type de filage Utiliser seulement conducteurs en cuivre.
Wire Size 1226 AWG
Calibre de fil 1226 AWG
Tightening Torque Terminal Blocks: 0.8 Nm (7 in-lb)
Couple de serrage Borniers : 0,8 Nm (7 livres-pouce)
Other Safety Marks (Sheet 1 of 2)
DANGER
Disconnect or de-energize all external connections before opening this device. Contact with hazardous voltages and currents inside this device can cause electrical shock resulting in injury or death.
DANGER
Débrancher tous les raccordements externes avant d'ouvrir cet appareil. Tout contact avec des tensions ou courants internes à l'appareil peut causer un choc électrique pouvant entraîner des blessures ou la mort.
WARNING
Have only qualified personnel service this equipment. If you are not qualified to service this equipment, you can injure yourself or others, or cause equipment damage.
AVERTISSEMENT
Seules des personnes qualifiées peuvent travailler sur cet appareil. Si vous n'êtes pas qualifiés pour ce travail, vous pourriez vous blesser avec d'autres personnes ou endommager l'équipement.
WARNING
Operator safety may be impaired if the device
is used in a manner not specified by SEL.
AVERTISSEMENT
La sécurité de l'opérateur peut être compromise si l'appareil est utilisé d'une façon
non indiquée par SEL.
WARNING
Atmospheric electrical charge accumulation can cause potential between the conductor and shield of the feedline, or cause lightning to strike an antenna. A lightning protector should be installed to prevent damage to equipment or injury to personnel.
AVERTISSEMENT
L'accumulation de charges électriques de type atmosphérique peut être la cause d'une différence de potentiel entre le conducteur et le blindage de la ligne d'alimentation ou peut attirer la foudre sur l'antenne. Un parafoudre devrait être installé pour prévenir les dommages à l'équipement ou les blessures au personnel.
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
x Preface
Safety Information
Other Safety Marks (Sheet 2 of 2)
WARNING
Do not look into the fiber (laser)
ports/connectors.
AVERTISSEMENT
Ne pas regarder vers l'extremité des ports ou
connecteurs de fibres pour laser.
WARNING
Do not look into the end of an optical cable
connected to an optical output.
AVERTISSEMENT
Ne pas regarder vers l'extrémité d'un câble
optique raccordé à une sortie optique.
WARNING
This device is shipped with default passwords. Default passwords should be changed to private passwords at installation. Failure to change each default password to a private password may allow unauthorized access. SEL shall not be responsible for any damage resulting from unauthorized access.
AVERTISSEMENT
Cet appareil est expédié avec des mots de passe par défaut. A l'installation, les mots de passe par défaut devront être changés pour des mots de passe confidentiels. Dans le cas contraire, un accés non-autorisé á l'équipement peut être possible. SEL décline toute responsabilité pour tout dommage résultant de cet accés non-autorisé.
CAUTION
Although the power level is low, concentrated
energy from a directional antenna may pose a
health hazard. Do not allow users to come closer than 34 cm (14 in) to the antenna when the transmitter is operating in indoor or
outdoor environments in the 900-MHz band.
ATTENTION
Bien que le niveau de puissance soit bas, l'énergie concentrée d'une antenne directionnelle peut être un danger pour la santé. Ne pas autoriser les usagers à s'approcher à moins de 34 cm (14 po) de l'antenne quand l'émetteur est en opération dans un environnement intérieur ou extérieur dans la bande des 900-MHz.
CAUTION
The radio contains devices sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Undetectable permanent damage can result if you do not use proper ESD procedures. Ground yourself, your work surface, and this equipment before removing any cover from this equipment. If your facility is not equipped to work with these components, contact SEL about returning this device and related SEL equipment for service.
ATTENTION
La radio contient des circuits sensibles aux décharges électrostatiques (DES). Des dommages permanents non-décelables peuvent résulter de l'absence de précautions contre les DES. Raccordez-vous correctement à la terre, ainsi que la surface de travail et l'appareil avant d'en retirer un panneau. Si vous n'êtes pas équipés pour travailler avec ce type de composants, contacter SEL afin de retourner l'appareil pour un service en usine.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Section 1
Introduction and Overview
Overview
The SEL-3031 is a 900-MHz, license-free, spread-spectrum radio. The radio operates in the ITU Region 2 ISM band of 902928 MHz through the use of a fast frequencyhopping algorithm for noise immunity and long-distance operation.
The SEL-3031 prevents the need for multiple sets of radios or expensive dedicated fiber transmitting over long distances. Figure 1.1 shows the flexibility of the SEL-3031 in providing DNP3 SCADA information, MIRRORED BITS® control for reclosing coordination, and engineering access to the SEL-651R Recloser Control.
Engineering Access
DNP SEL-3351
SEL-3031
MIRRORED BITS SEL-351S
SEL-651R SEL-3031
Substation Radio
Pole-Mount Radio
Figure 1.1 Point-to-Point Product Overview
Figure 1.2 shows the flexibility obtained when using the SEL-3031 in point-tomultipoint (P2MP) applications providing DNP3 or Modbus SCADA information from many remotes to one master.
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
1.2 Introduction and Overview Features, Benefits, and Applications
Figure 1.2 Point-to-Multipoint Product Overview
Features, Benefits, and Applications
Dual Radio Operating Modes Provide Flexibility. Supports point-to-point (P2P) radio operation for fast teleprotection, distribution automation, distributed generation, and economical backup protection. Apply point-to-multipoint (P2MP) radio operation for SCADA and other data-gathering from remote locations.
Three Ports in One Radio Reduce Costs. Simultaneously communicates with as many as three independent ports and protocols via point-to-point radio operation.
Low Latency Enables Fast Control. Transfers control commands with a typical 4.8 ms latency with SEL MIRRORED BITS® communications.
Strong Security Thwarts Attackers. Protects critical data and repels malicious attacks with optional encryption card, using session authentication and strong 256-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technology.
Tough Radio Operates in Extreme Conditions. Is designed, built, and tested for trouble-free operation in extreme temperature, electromagnetic interference, shock, and vibration conditions.
No Licensing Reduces Delays and Expenses. Uses the license-free, 900-MHz ISM band for on-time, on-budget projects.
Mounting Options Simplify Installation. Order your SEL-3031 in either a rack-mount or wall-mount form factor.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Introduction and Overview 1.3 Models, Options, and Accessories
Multiple Protocols Satisfy Interconnection Requirements. Communicate with industry-standardized byte-oriented protocols, such as DNP3, Modbus®, SEL MIRRORED BITS communications, IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasors, SEL Fast Messaging, and SEL ASCII.
Flexible Serial Port Options Match Integration Needs. Order serial Port 1 as EIA-232, EIA-485, or optical fiber to easily connect to your existing devices.
Simple Settings Streamline Radio Commissioning. Use ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software for all settings.
USB Management Port Conveniently Connects to PC. Make settings changes, verify status information for proper installation, and verify radio performance without affecting the three serial channels.
Models, Options, and Accessories
Standard Features
P2P and P2MP operation modes Three EIA-232 serial ports IRIG-B time code input Radio synchronization with collocated radios Power supply
Wall mount: 930 Vdc Rack mount: 2448 Vdc, 110240 Vac, or 125250 Vdc ACSELERATOR QuickSet software Protocol pass-through support DNP3 Modbus SEL MIRRORED BITS SEL Fast Messaging SEL ASCII IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasors
Optional Features
One port EIA-485 One port fiber-optic (SEL-2812 and SEL-9220 compatible) SEL-3044 Encryption Card Special frequencies for Brazil
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
1.4 Introduction and Overview Models, Options, and Accessories
Accessories
Table 1.1 Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories
Description
Part Number
Feedline
RG-8X TNC Male to N Male Cable
SEL-C964
RG-8X TNC Male to TNC Male Cable LMR®-400 TNC Male to N Male Cable
SEL-C965 SEL-C966
LMR-400 TNC Male to TNC Male Cable
SEL-C961
LMR-400 N Male to N Male Cable 7/8" HELIAX® N Male to N Male Cable
SEL-C968 SEL-C978
N Female to TNC Male Adapter
240-1809
Antenna
Low-Profile 3 dBi Gain Omnidirectional, N Female Connector 235-0003
Vertical 7.15 dBi Gain Omnidirectional, N Female Connector 235-0232
Vertical 9.15 dBi Gain Omnidirectional, N Female Connector 235-0233
3-Element 8.15 dBi Gain Yagi, N Female Connectora
235-0009
5-Element 11.1 dBi Gain Yagi, N Female Connectora 11-Element 14.15 dBi Gain Yagi, N Female Connectora
235-0220 235-0222
Indoor 8" Vertical, TNC Male Connector
235-0108
Antenna Mounting
Vertical Omnidirectional Mount for 14" Maximum Diameter 240-0103 Poles
Yagi Mount for 14" Maximum Diameter Poles
240-0104
Mast Mount for Large Omnidirectional Antennas (2.5" Maxi- 240-0106 mum Diameter Antenna to 2.5" Maximum Diameter Mast)
Mounting Bracket for Low-Profile Omnidirectional Radio Antennas (235-0003)
915900494
Surge Protection
Radio Surge Protector With N Male Connectors
200-2004
a Comes equipped with pipe-mounting hardware.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Introduction and Overview 1.5 Models, Options, and Accessories
Antenna with N Female Connector
LMR-400 N Male to N Male Cable (SEL-C968)
Radio Surge Protector With N Female Connectors (200-2004)
RG-8X TNC Male to N Male Cable (SEL-C964) or LMR-400 TNC Male to N Male Cable (SEL-C966)
SEL-3031
Figure 1.3 Radio Antenna Connections
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
1.6 Introduction and Overview Product Diagrams
Product Diagrams
Figure 1.4 SEL-3031 Dimensions SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
RACK-MOUNT CHASSIS
WALL-MOUNT CHASSIS
6.30 (160)
0.21 (5.3)
1.72 (43.7)
TOP
18.31 (465.1)
FRONT
19.00 (482.6)
LEGEND in
(mm)
SIDE
6.40 (162.6)
1.73 (43.9)
TOP
9.15 (232.4)
8.66 (219.7)
FRONT
3.00 5.73 (76.2) (145.5)
SIDE
0.05 (1.27)
i9163b
Date Code 20211103
Introduction and Overview 1.7 Product Diagrams
i4210b
Figure 1.5 SEL-3031 Rack Mount (Front and Rear)
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
1.8 Introduction and Overview Product Diagrams
Figure 1.6 SEL-3031 Wall Mount (Front and Rear)
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Specifications
Introduction and Overview 1.9 Specifications
Compliance
Designed and manufactured under an ISO 9001 certified quality management system
UL Listed to U.S. and Canadian safety standards (File E220228; NRAQ, NRAQ7)
SEP (SEL-3044 encryption card): FIPS 140-2 Level 2 historical
Also see Table 1.2.
General
Temperature Range
40° to +85°C per IEC 60068-2-1 and 60068-2-2
Operating Environment
Pollution Degree:
Relative Humidity:
Maximum Altitude:
Dimensions
2 595%, noncondensing 2000 m
Wall Mount:
43.9 mm x 219.7 mm x 162.6 mm
(1.73 in x 8.66 in x 6.40 in)
Rack Mount:
43.7 mm x 482.6 mm x 160.0 mm (1.72 in x 19.00 in x 6.3 in)
Time-Code Input
Port 2, Pins 4 and 6
Format:
Input Impedance:
Accuracy:
Demodulated IRIG-B
333 : r5 milliseconds
Alarm Contact
Form B Contact
(open when energized and passes diagnostics)
Operating Voltage*:
Dielectric Test Voltage*:
250 Vdc or 190 Vac 500 Vrms
Continuous
6 A
Carry*:
Pilot Duty Ratings**:
B300, R300
Resistive Ratings**:
250 Vac, 24 Vdc, 6 A
*Parameters verified by SEL per IEC 602551:2009 and IEEE C37.90-2005.
**Per UL 508.
Communications
Communications Ports
Serial Port 1
Data Speed Without Encryption Card:
38400 bps (disables Port 2), 19200 bps, or 9600 bps
Data Speed With
Encryption 19200 bps (disables
Card:
Port 2) or 9600 bps
EIA-232, EIA-485 (ordering option)
Connector: 9-Pin D-Subminiature
Fiber-Optic Ordering Option
Connectors: 2 ST (Tx and Rx)
Encoding SEL-2812/SEL-9220 Compatible
Wavelength: 850 nm multimode
Typical Tx Power:
13 dBm
Min. Rx Sensitivity: 29 dBm
Optical Budget:
16 dB
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
1.10 Introduction and Overview Specifications
Compatible Fiber-Optic Core Diameter:
50, 62.5, or 200 Pm
Serial Port 2, 3 Standard EIA-232
Data Speed Without Encryption Card:
19200 bps or 9600 bps
Data Speed With
Encryption
Card:
9600 bps
Connector:
Protocols
9-Pin D-Subminiature
Modbus, DNP3, SEL MIRRORED BITS Communications (MB8), ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 Software Support, SEL ASCII and Compressed ASCII, SEL Fast Messaging, IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasors
Typical Latency
SEL-3031
MIRRORED BITS: 8.9 ms at 9600 bps 5.6 ms at 19200 bps 4.8 ms at 38400 bps
Standard:
4.9 ms at 9600 bps 4.3 ms at 19200 bps 3.8 ms at 38400 bps
SEL-3031 With SEL-3044 Encryption Card
MIRRORED BITS: 9.7 ms at 9600 bps 7.4 ms at 19200 bps
Standard:
Radio
5.7 ms at 9600 bps 5.3 ms at 19200 bps
Transmitter
Frequency Band: 902928 MHz ISM band
Modulation: GFSK
Operating Mode: Point-to-Point
RF Connector: TNC
Power Output:
1 W (30 dBm) to 100 mW (20 dBm) in steps of 1 dBm
Channel Bandwidth:
250 kHz
Receiver
Sensitivity:
97 dBm, 104 dBm with ARQ on
Bit Error Rate
(BER):
106 at 97 dBm
Distance:
32 km (20 mi), line of sight
Error Detection: 32-bit CRC
Power Supply
Rated Supply Voltage
Wall-Mount Model:
930 Vdc
Low-Voltage Model:
2448 Vdc
High-Voltage Model:
125250 Vdc 110240 Vac, 50/60 Hz
Input Voltage Range
Wall-Mount Model:
930 Vdc
Low-Voltage Model:
1860 Vdc
High-Voltage Model:
85275 Vdc; 85264 Vac
Power Consumption
Wall Mount: 5 W
Rack Mount: <8 W/30 VA
Power Consumption With SEL-3044 Card
Wall Mount: 6 W
Rack Mount:
Type Tests
<9 W/31 VA
Communications Equipment Tests
IEEE 1613-2003
Environmental Tests
Enclosure Protection:
IEC 60529:2001
Vibration Resistance:
IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Class 1 Endurance Class 2 Response IEC 60255-21-3:1993 Class 2
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Introduction and Overview 1.11 Specifications
Shock Resistance:
IEC 60255-21-2:1988 Class 1 shock withstand,
bump Class 2 shock response
Cold:
IEC 60068-2-1:2007 40°C, 16 hours
Damp Heat, Cyclic:
IEC 60068-2-30:2005 2555°C, 6 cycles, 95%
relative humidity
Dry Heat:
IEC 60068-2-2:2007 +85°C, 16 hours
Dielectric Strength and Impulse Tests
Dielectric (HiPot):
IEC 60255-5:2000 IEEE C37.902005
Impulse:
IEC 60255-5:2000 0.5 J, 5 kV
RFI and Interference Tests
EMC Immunity
Standard:
IEEE 1613, Class 2
Electrostatic Discharge:
IEC 61000-4-2:2008 8 kV contact discharge 15 kV air discharge IEEE C37.90.32001 8 kV contact discharge 15 kV air discharge
Radiated RF Immunity:
IEC 61000-4-3:2008 10 V/m IEEE C37.90.22004 35 V/m
Fast Transient, Burst Immunity:
IEC 61000-4-4:2004
4 kV @ 2.5 kHz, and 5.0 kHz for communications ports, power supply, alarm contacts
Surge Withstand Capability Immunity:
IEC 60255-22-1:2007
2.5 kV common-mode
1 kV differential-mode IEEE C37.90.12002
2.5 kV oscillatory, 4 kV fast transient for communications ports, power supply, alarm contacts
Conducted RF IEC 61000-4-6:2008
Immunity:
10 Vrms
Digital Radio Telephone RF Immunity:
ENV 50204-1995
Severity Level: 10 V/m at 900 MHz and 1.89 GHz
EMC Emissions
Radiated Emissions
FCC Part 15.247; ICES-001; RSS-247 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
FCC Part 15, Class A Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
FCC Section 15.21 Users manual for an intentional or unintentional radiator shall caution the user that changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
Canada ICES-001(A) / NMB-001(A)
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
1.12 Introduction and Overview Specifications
Table 1.2 Certifications by Country
Country Authority Reference
USA
FCC
ID: R34SEL-3031W
Canada
ISED
ID: 4468A-SEL3031W
Part Number Starts With 3031
3031
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Section 2
Installation
Overview
RF Exposure Notice
RF EXPOSURE The SEL-3031 transmitter module is approved for use only with specific antenna, cable, and output power configurations that have been tested and approved for use. Modifications to the SEL-3031, the antenna system, or to the power output that have not been explicitly specified by the
manufacturer are not permitted and may render the radio non-compliant with applicable regulatory authorities. The radio equipment described in this manual emits radio frequency energy. Professional installation is required. The antenna(s) for this transmitter must not be collocated or operated in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
CAUTION
Although the power level is low, concentrated energy from a directional antenna may pose a health hazard. Do not allow users to come closer than 34 cm (14 in) to the antenna when the transmitter is operating in indoor or outdoor environments in the 900-MHz band.
FCC Part 15 Notice
NOTE: Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices, pursuant to FCC Part 15 Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and radiates radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential environment is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his/her own expense.
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
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Antennas
Low-Profile 3 dBi Gain Omnidirectional, N Female Connector 235-0003
Vertical 7.15 dBi Gain Omnidirectional, N Female Connector 235-0232
Vertical 9.15 dBi Gain Omnidirectional, N Female Connector 235-0233
3-Element 8.15 dBi Gain Yagi, N Female Connectora
235-0009
5-Element 11.1 dBi Gain Yagi, N Female Connectora
235-0220
11-Element 14.15 dBi Gain Yagi, N Female Connectora
235-0222
Indoor 8" Vertical, TNC Male Connector
235-0108
2.12 Installation Connections
Connections
Rear-Panel Connections
The physical layout of the SEL-3031 connections is shown in Figure 2.5.
Figure 2.5 Wall-Mount and Rack-Mount Rear Connections
Power Connections
The POWER terminals on the rear panel (labeled +/H and -/N) must connect to the
correct supply voltage. The supply voltage range is located on the serial label. The wall-mount configuration accepts only 930 Vdc. The rack-mount configuration accepts 2448 Vdc, 110240 Vac, or 125250 Vdc.
Do not apply power to the SEL-3031 without having a proper 50 : load on the antenna port. If you do not have the proper 50 : load connected, the radio antenna port will
shut off, the alarm contact will pulse, and the ALARM LED will illuminate. This
functionality protects the radio circuitry and indicates an antenna or cable failure. The POWER terminals on the rack-mount version are isolated from chassis ground. The POWER terminals on the wall-mount version are not isolated from chassis ground. Use 2.5 mm2 (14 AWG) size wire to connect to the POWER terminals on the rack mount. Place an external circuit breaker or switch no more than 3 m (10 ft) from the equipment. The circuit breaker (or equivalent approved disconnect device appropriate for the country of installation) must comply with IEC 60947-1 and IEC 60947-3, be identified as the disconnect device for the equipment, and be located near the equipment. This disconnect device must interrupt both the hot (+/H) and the neutral (/N) power leads. The maximum current rating for the power disconnect circuit breaker or overcurrent device (fuse) must be 20 A. An internal power supply fuse protects the operational power supply. Be sure to use fuses that comply with IEC 60127-2.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Installation 2.13 Connections
Lightning Protection
WARNING
Atmospheric electrical charge accumulation can cause potential between the conductor and shield of the feedline, or cause lightning to strike an antenna. A lightning protector should be installed to prevent damage to equipment or injury to personnel.
Mounting the antenna on an equipment building roof or tower is safest because the potential rise on the outside of either of these structures will approximately equal the potential on the inside. A lightning protector (Radio Surge Protector, SEL part number 200-2004) should be used to equalize the difference in potential that can occur between the center conductor and the shield of the coaxial cable between the antenna and the radio. The higher the antenna is mounted on a support structure, the greater the probability of equipment damage resulting from a lightning strike.
In all surge-protector applications, you should mount the surge protector at the building or enclosure entrance, and ground the surge-protector body. Ground the radio to the same point as the surge-protector ground to avoid ground-rise-potential damage.
When using the surge protector, order an additional SEL-C964 or SEL-C966 cable and place this cable between the SEL-3031 and the surge protector. Because the distance varies from the SEL-3031 to the surge protector, be sure to specify this cable at approximately the correct length (plus 10 to 20 percent for installation variability).
Grounding (Earthing) Connections
You must connect the ground terminal labeled GND to a rack frame or switchgear ground for proper safety and performance. Use 2.5 mm2 (14 AWG) wire less than 2 m (6.6 ft) in length for the ground connection.
Serial Ports
Because all ports (1, 2, and 3) are independent, you can communicate to any combination simultaneously. All EIA-232 ports accept DB-9 male connectors. The serial port EIA-485 option for Port 1 is also a DB-9 male connector. If Port 1 is ordered with the EIA-485 option the product will ship with a DB-9-to-terminal adapter to easily wire to EIA-485 systems. Port 2 includes the IRIG-B time-code signal input (see Table 2.8). SEL offers fiber-optic transceivers or fiber-optic port options on Port 1 (SEL-2812 and SEL-9220 compatible fiber-optic) for connecting devices at distances over 15 meters (50 feet) where copper cable is not appropriate. The SEL-2800 family of transceivers provides fiber-optic links between devices for electrical isolation and longer distances, overcoming the limitations of electrical EIA-232 interfaces. Contact SEL for further information on these products.
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Installation 2.15 Front-Panel Indicators
IRIG-B Time-Code Input
The SEL-3031 accepts a demodulated IRIG-B time signal to synchronize the internal clock with an external time source. IRIG-B is available on Port 2 utilizing Pins 4 and 6 for time communications. The SEL-3031 supports the IRIG-B002 standardized time format.
Table 2.8 Communications Cables for Time and Communications Connections
EIA-232 Serial Port Connect to Device
SEL Cable No.
Port 2
IRIG-B BNC with time only
C256
SEL communications processors and com- C387 puting platform data with IRIG-Ba
IRIG-B only from DB-9 on SEL-2407®
C388
a If connecting to an SEL communications processor you must turn the 5V_EN Global setting in the SEL-3031 to OFF.
Front-Panel Indicators
The SEL-3031 has ten front-panel LED indicators. Table 2.9 further describes these indicators that display the current status of the radio. The LINK LED indicates when the SEL-3031 has properly connected to another SEL-3031. The SEC LED deals with the SEL-3044 Encryption Card. See Appendix B: Firmware Upgrade Instructions for more information on using this card.
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
2.16 Installation Communications
Table 2.9 Front-Panel Status Indicator LEDs
Label ENABLE ALARM
SEC
LINK TX 1, 2, 3 RX 1, 2, 3
Color Description
Green All self-tests are passing and unit is operational
Red ON: Self-test failure detected Flashing: Antenna failure
Green
ON: Encryption card detected and wireless data secured Flashing: Encryption card detected and in RESET OFF: No encryption card present or card failed
Green Communications link established between master and remote radio
Green Serial data received by the port and transmitted out of the radio
Red Radio data received and transmitting out of serial port
Communications
Serial Ports
Table 2.10 shows the physical interfaces of the SEL-3031. Several options are provided for Port 1 physical interfaces, including EIA-232, EIA-485, and fiber.
Table 2.10 SEL-3031 Port Description
Port Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 USB
Communications Interface Location
EIA-232, EIA-485, or fiber Rear (Port 1 has three ordering options)
EIA-232
Rear
EIA-232
Rear
USB 1.1
Front (management port)
Serial (EIA-232 and EIA-485)
Use the EIA-232 port for communications distances of d15.2 m (50 ft) in low-noise environments. Use the optional EIA-485 Port 1 for communications of d 1200 m (3937 ft) maximum distance (to achieve this performance, ensure proper line termination at the receiver).
If Port 1 is an EIA-485 connection, there are two types of connections that will work on multidrop systems. Table 2.11 shows the standard pinout of a recommended four-wire EIA-485 connection. If your system only works on a two-wire EIA-485 connection, you will need to connect Pins 1 and 7 together and Pins 2 and 8 together. Figure 2.6 shows how to wire this configuration.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Installation 2.17 Communications
Port 1 EIA-485 9-Pin Male D Subconnector 2-Wire EIA-485
Pin #
TXD+ 1 RXD+ 7 TXD 2 RXD 8 GND 5 GND 5 SHELL
2-Wire EIA-485 Tinned Wires
Data+
Data-
GND GND No Connection
Figure 2.6 SEL-C693 Cable: Two-Wire EIA-485 Connections
Fiber-Optic Serial Port
Order the fiber-optic option for Port 1 for safety and long-distance communications as far as 4 km (2.5 mi). The fiber-optic port is an SEL-2812-compatible device that can connect directly to any SEL-2812-compatible device or SEL-2812 Fiber-Optic Transceiver, using multimode fiber-optic cable with a core diameter of 50 to 200 Pm. When working with this device, observe the following safety precautions:
WARNING
Do not look into the fiber (laser) ports/connectors.
Do not look into the end of an optical cable connected to an optical output.
Do not perform any procedures or adjustments that this instruction manual does not describe.
During installation, maintenance, or testing of the optical ports, use only test equipment qualified for Class 1 laser products.
Incorporated components, such as transceivers and laser emitters, are not user serviceable. Return units to SEL for repair or replacement.
Port Connector and Communications Cables
Figure 2.7 shows the EIA-232 and EIA-485 DB-9 connector pin numbering for the SEL-3031.
5 4 3 2 1
9 8 7 6 Figure 2.7 EIA-232 and EIA-485 DB-9 Connector Pin Numbers
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
2.18 Installation Communications
Table 2.11 shows the pin function of the serial ports.
Table 2.11 SEL-3031 Port Description
Pin
Port 1 EIA-232
1
+5 Vdc
2
RXD
3
TXD
4
N/C
5
GND
6
N/C
7
RTS
8
CTS
9
N/C
Port 2 EIA-232
+5 Vdc RXD TXD IRIG+ GND IRIG RTS CTS N/C
Port 3 EIA-232 +5 Vdc
RXD TXD N/C GND N/C SYNC IN SYNC OUT N/C
Port 1 EIA-485
TX+ TXN/C N/C GND N/C RX+ RX N/C
Cleaning
Use care when cleaning the SEL-3031. Perform the following steps: Step 1. Use a mild soap or detergent solution and a damp cloth to clean the chassis. Step 2. Be careful cleaning the front and rear panels because a permanent plastic sheet covers each panel.
Do not use abrasive materials, polishing compounds, or harsh chemical solvents (such as xylene or acetone) on any surface.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Installation 2.19 Communications
Cables
SEL-3031 9-Pin Male Subminiature "D" Connector
Pin Func. Pin #
RXD 2 TXD 3 GND 5 RTS 7 CTS 8
ORANGE RED
BLUE/SHIELD GREEN WHITE
PC Device 9-Pin Female Subminiature "D" Connector
Pin Pin # Func.
2 RXD 3 TXD 5 GND 7 RTS 8 CTS
NOTE: For best results, limit the cable length to 15 m (~50 ft) Figure 2.8 SEL-C245A Cable: SEL-3031 to Computer
SEL-3031 9-Pin Male Subminiature "D" Connector
Pin Func. Pin #
RXD 2 TXD 3 GND 5 RTS 7 CTS 8
ORANGE RED
BLUE/SHIELD GREEN WHITE
DTE Device No IRIG 9-Pin Male Subminiature "D" Connector
Pin #
2 3 5 7 8
NOTE: For best results, limit the cable length to 15 m (~50 ft) Figure 2.9 SEL-C285 Cable: SEL-3031 to DTE Device (SEL Relays)
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
2.20 Installation Communications
SEL-3031 9-Pin Male Subminiature "D" Connector
Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SEL Communications Processor
With IRIG 9-Pin Male Subminiature "D" Connector
Pin #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
NOTE: For best results, limit the cable length to 15 m (~50 ft)
CAUTION
You must turn off the +5 V on Pin 1 of the SEL-3031 when connecting to a communications processor.
Figure 2.10 SEL-C387 Cable: SEL-3031 to SEL Communications Processor With IRIG-B
SEL-3031
9-Pin Male "D" SUB CONNECTOR DB-9-P
SEL-3031 9-Pin Male "D" SUB CONNECTOR DB-9-P
CABLE: 9 Conductor 22 AWG 7/30 Tinned Copper with PVC Jacket (Shielded: Alpha 1298C or equal; Unshielded: Alpha 1179 or equal)
Pin Func. Pin #
RXD 2 TXD 3 GND 5 SYNC IN 7 SYNC OUT 8 SHELL
ORANGE RED
BLUE/SHIELD GREEN WHITE SHIELD
Pin Pin # Func.
3 RXD 2 TXD 5 GND 8 SYNC IN 7 SYNC OUT
NO CONNECTION
Figure 2.11 SEL-C273A Cable: SEL-3031 Repeater and Synchronizing Cable
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Installation 2.21 Communications
SEL-3031 9-Pin Male Subminiature "D" Connector
Pin Func. Pin #
+5Vdc 1 RXD 2 TXD 3 GND 5
BROWN ORANGE
RED SHIELD
DTE Device 9-Pin Female Subminiature "D" Connector
Pin Pin # Func.
1 +5Vdc 2 RXD 3 TXD 5 GND
SYNC IN 7 GND 5
SYNC OUT 8
BLUE BLACK WHITE
SYNC IN/OUT BNC Jack Connectors
CENTER SHIELD SYNC IN CENTER SHIELD SYNC OUT
NOTE: For best results, limit the cable length to 15 m (~50 ft)
Figure 2.12 SEL-C576 Cable: Synchronizing Cable for SEL-3031
USB Interface
The SEL-3031 uses a standard USB Type-B interface for the management port. The USB interface is used for settings management, initial radio installation, and reporting data from long-term radio statistics. The management port may be used while the SEL-3031 is in service without disrupting the radio communications. To use this interface, plug a USB Type-B cable into the radio and plug the other end into your PC. This will automatically prompt your PC to install a USB-to-serial driver that creates a virtual serial port. The virtual serial port needs to be set to 9600 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity to properly communicate with the SEL-3031. This virtual serial port can now be used with ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software to help set and view settings and obtain report information.
SEL-3031
Figure 2.13 USB Interface Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
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Section 3
Job Done Examples
Overview
This section has four job done examples of how to easily set up the SEL-3031 for common applications. This section assumes you have established a radio link. If you are having problems setting up the radio link, refer to Section 2: Installation and Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting for more information.
This section contains four Job Done examples for the following applications. High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements Setting Up a Point-to-Multipoint Link Using DNP3 SCADA Protocol Configuring Collocated Antennas Using SEL Hop-Sync Technology
High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications
SEL-3031
SEL-3031
SEL-2100
SEL-2505
SEL-351
Figure 3.1 SEL MIRRORED BITS Connection Example
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
3.2 Job Done Examples High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications
The SEL-3031 can handle as many as three MIRRORED BITS® connections simultaneously over one radio link. For this example, there are three MIRRORED BITS channels over the SEL-3031. This example shows you how to set the radio and set different end devices to properly use the radio as a MIRRORED BITS link.
SEL-3031 MIRRORED BITS Settings
For Figure 3.2, we set Port 1 on both SEL-3031 devices as a MIRRORED BITS connections.
On each radio, set the following settings on the Port 1 settings.
Figure 3.2 SEL-3031 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection
The SEL-3031 makes it very simple to set a MIRRORED BITS connection. Set the PROTO setting to MB8 to make it a MIRRORED BITS port. The SEL-3031 without an encryption card has data rate of 9600, 19200, or 38400 bps (8, N, 1). Setting the speed to 38400 provides the lowest latency at the cost of disabling Port 2. Port 3 can still be used for data at 9600 or 19200 bps speeds.
On Port 1 on each radio, install an SEL-C285 cable to the IED. As an alternative, the SEL-3031 can be ordered with a fiber-optic serial port that works with SEL-2812 transceivers. If you use the fiber-optic port on the SEL-3031, the IED connection needs to be an SEL-2812MR Fiber-Optic Transceiver.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Job Done Examples 3.3 High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications
SEL-351, SEL-311, and SEL-700 Series MIRRORED BITS Settings
The required settings for the SEL-351 are shown below. These settings are similar to all of the SEL-351, SEL-311, and SEL-700 series of relays. To establish a communications link via the radio, the most critical settings are PROTO, SPEED, RTSCTS, RXID, and TXID.
=>SHO P 2 <Enter> Port 2
PROTO = MB8A SPEED = 19200 RXID = 1 RMB1PU= 1 RMB3PU= 1 RMB5PU= 1 RMB7PU= 1
RTSCTS= N TXID = 2 RMB1DO= 1 RMB3DO= 1 RMB5DO= 1 RMB7DO= 1
RBADPU= 60 RXDFLT=XXXXXXXX RMB2PU- 1 RMB4PU- 1 RMB6PU- 1 RMB8PU- 1
CBADPU= 1000
RMB2DO= 1 RMB4DO= 1 RMB6DO= 1 RMB8DO= 1
Figure 3.3 SEL-351 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection
The SEL-3031 allows you to set Port 1 to 9600, 19200, or 38400 bps (8, N, 1). If the SEL-3044 Encryption Card is used, the data rate changes to 9600 or 19200 bps (8, N, 1).
Set PROTO equal to MB8x, where x equals A or B depending on which MIRRORED BITS channel is used.
NOTE: This setting is slightly different in the SEL-2100 Logic
Processor, SEL-3530 Real-Time Automation Controller (RTAC), and SEL-321 Relay.
Set SPEED equal to 9600, 19200, or 38400 bps (or 9600/19200 if the encryption card is installed).
Set RTSCTS (hardware handshaking) to N to disable that option.
Set the RXID equal to one and TXID equal to two at the master end. At the remote end, set the RXID equal to two and the TXID equal to one. The relays use these addresses to prevent a relay from receiving messages from a secondary MIRRORED BITS device if the paths are accidentally connected wrong. The relay only receives messages sent by a relay with the matching transmit address and vice versa.
To connect the relay to the radio, use an SEL-C285 cable (DB-9 male-to-DB-9 male straight-through). If complete electrical isolation is desired between the radio and a relay EIA-232 communications port, use the SEL-2812MR Fiber-Optic Transceiver and fiber-optic cable to connect the relay to the radio.
Date Code 20211103
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
3.4 Job Done Examples High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications
SEL-400 Series MIRRORED BITS Settings
The required port settings for SEL-400 series relays are shown below. To establish communication via the radio, the most critical settings are PROTO, MBT, SPEED, STOPBIT, TXID, RXID, and TXMODE. All other settings are per the application requirements.
Protocol Selection
PROTO := MBA
Communications Settings
MBT
:= N
SPEED
:=19200
Mirrored Bits Protocol Setting
TX_ID TXMODE RMB1DO RMB3FL RMB4PU RMB5DO RMB7FL RMB8PU
:= 2 := P := 1 := P := 1 := 1 := P := 1
RX_ID MBNUM RMB2FL RMB3PU RMB4DO RMB6FL RMB7PU RMB8DO
:= 1 := 8 := P := 1 := 1 := P := 1 := 1
STOPBIT := 2
RBADPU RMB1FL RMB2PU RMB3DO RMB5FL RMB6PU RMB7DO
:= 10 := P := 1 := 1 := P := 1 := 1
CBADPU RMB1PU RMB2DO RMB4FL RMB5PU RMB6DO RMB8FL
:= 20000 := 1 := 1 := P := 1 := 1 := P
Figure 3.4 SEL-451 Port Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection Set PROTO equal to MBx, where x equals A or B depending on which MIRRORED BITS channel is being used. Set MBT equal to N to disable that option.
Set SPEED equal to 19200 (or 9600 if the encryption card is installed).
Set STOPBIT equal to 2.
NOTE: If you are using the SEL-3044 Encryption Card, you
must change the connected devices' RMBxPU and RMBxDO settings = 2 to maintain the same level of channel security as the standard MB8 protocol. This will delay operation by one processing interval but will give you a higher level of channel security.
Set the RXID equal to one and TXID equal to two at the master end. At the remote end, set the RXID equal to two and the TXID equal to one. The relays use these addresses so that the master relay only receives messages sent by a relay with the matching transmit address and vice versa.
Set TXMODE equal to P (Paced).
To connect the relay to the radio, use an SEL-C285 cable (DB-9 male-to-DB-9 male straight-through). If complete electrical isolation is desired between the radio and antenna and the EIA-232 communications port of the relay, use the SEL-2812MR Fiber-Optic Transceiver and fiber-optic cable to connect the relay to the radio.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
Date Code 20211103
Job Done Examples 3.5 High-Speed Teleprotection or Control With MIRRORED BITS Communications
SEL-2505 and SEL-2506 Settings
The SEL-2505 and SEL-2506 use control (DIP) switches to set the MIRRORED BITS connection. For easy installation order the SEL-2505 with the SEL-2812 fiber-optic option (SEL-2505x6xXX). Use multimode SEL-C808 or SEL-C807 ST terminated fiber-optic cable to directly connect the SEL-2505 to an SEL-3031 equipped with a fiber-optic option for Port 1. Other transceiver models can be used as long as the corresponding SEL-2800 family transceiver is used on both ends.
Figure 3.5 SEL-2505 DIP Switch Settings for MIRRORED BITS Connection
Set the TX_ADD equal to one and set RX_ADD equal to two at the local end. At the remote end, set the RXID equal to two and the TXID equal to one. The devices use these addresses so that the master relay only receives messages sent by a relay with the matching transmit address and vice versa.
Set Switch 9 and 10 equal to MB8/9600, MB8/19200, or MB8/38400 for the Protocol/Baud setting. If the SEL-3031 contains the SEL-3044 Encryption Card then the Protocol/Baud setting must be MB8/9600 or MB8/19200.
To connect the SEL-2505 to the radio, use a 62.5 m multimode SEL-C808 or SEL-C807 fiber-optic cable. Order these cables equipped with ST® connectors and your choice of zipcord or waterproof heavy-duty jacketed fibers.
Initial Checkout
An easy way to verify that the relays are communicating is to use the TARget command, as shown below.
=>TAR ROKA <Enter>
LBOKB CBADB RBADB
0
0
0
ROKB 0
LBOKA 0
CBADA 0
RBADA 0
ROKA 1
Figure 3.6 TAR ROKA Command From an SEL-351
The results shown here are from an SEL-351 Relay. ROKA is asserted, meaning that the two relays have established MIRRORED BITS communication. For longer-term channel tests, use the COM report command available in the relay and suggestions described in Monitoring Radio Performance on page 5.1.
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3.6 Job Done Examples Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements
Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements
SEL information processors and computing platforms easily collect relay status and measurement information. SEL information processors include the SEL-3530 RealTime Automation Controller, SEL-2032, SEL-2030, and SEL-2020 Communications Processors, and ruggedized SEL computers configured as intelligent servers or gateways. An SEL information processor can be used as a data collection point, port switch, and to control operations all through one serial port. The SEL-3031 serial interface allows you to obtain all of this relay information from remote IEDs through the use of the wireless connection. The example below will show you how to set the radio, relays, and communications processors to allow the Fast Messaging protocol to operate over a wireless connection.
SEL-3031
SEL-3031
SEL-2032
SEL-451
SEL-351
Figure 3.7 SEL-3031 Linking Information Processors to Relays
SEL-3031 Settings
The SEL-3031 requires very few inputs for setting up the serial port to the correct protocol. Figure 3.8 shows the settings needed for Port 1.
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Job Done Examples 3.7 Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements
Figure 3.8 SEL-3031 Port 1 Settings for Fast Messaging
The PROTO setting must be set to Standard. The Standard setting is the default for use on any byte-oriented protocol. The Standard setting is used with connections such as DNP3, SEL ASCII, Compressed ASCII, Fast Operate, Fast SER, and SEL Fast Meter with Configuration.
The ARQ setting should be set to Y. This allows data retransmission when an error is detected. The SPEED setting can be set 9600, 19200, or 38400 bps. If you set it to 38400, it will disable Port 2. Port 3 will still operate at 9600 or 19200 bps. The CTS1 setting should be set to Deasserted. This will deassert the control lines on the SEL-3031. Some protocols in devices require the control line to be in a high or low state to permit proper communication. For example, with DNP3, some remote devices will not reply back to the master until the control line is deasserted. If the control line is asserted the DNP3 device is told to wait. Again, this setting is based upon how the vendor implemented flow control in the devices. For most all SEL products this setting should always be set to Deasserted.
On Port 1 of each radio, install an SEL-C285 cable to the IED. As an alternative, the SEL-3031 can be ordered with a fiber-optic serial port that works with SEL-2812 transceivers. If you use the fiber port on the SEL-3031, the connection at the IED needs to be an SEL-2812MR transceiver or compatible built-in port.
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3.8 Job Done Examples Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements
SEL-300 Series Settings
The required settings for the SEL-351 are shown in Figure 3.9. These settings are similar to all of the SEL-351, SEL-311, and SEL-700 series of relays. To establish a communications link via the radio, the most critical settings are PROTO, SPEED, BITS, PARITY, STOP, and RTSCTS.
=>>SHO P 2 <Enter> Port 2
PROTO = SEL SPEED = 19200 T_OUT = 10
BITS = 8 AUTO = Y
=>>
PARITY= N RTSCTS= N
STOP = 1 FASTOP= Y
Figure 3.9 SEL-351 Port Settings for Fast Messaging
Set AUTO = Y if you want the relay to send automatic messages to indicate specific conditions.
Set FASTOP = Y if you want the communications processor to issue control commands to the relay.
SEL-2032/SEL-2030 Settings
The following steps demonstrate on how to set SEL-2032 to initially connect and configure an SEL-351 Relay.
Step 1. Use the SEL-C285 cable to connect one of the SEL-2032 ports; this example uses Port 2 to Port 1 of the SEL-3031.
Step 2.
Enter Access Level 2 on the SEL-2032 and issue the SET P 2 command to configure Port 2. The SEL-2032 prompts for the type of device connected to the port.
a. Enter S for the SEL IED.
b. Enter Y to autoconfigure the port.
c. Press the <Enter> key to confirm the configuration prompts.
The SEL-2032 establishes communication with the relay; determines the type of relay, relay ID, and communications data rate; and determines if the relay is capable of Fast Meter.
d. Enter Y to save port configuration changes at the final prompt.
Step 3.
Issue the AUTO 2 command to see what Fast Message features are supported by the SEL-351S. Figure 3.10 shows an example output for the AUTO command.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
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Job Done Examples 3.9 Using an SEL Information Processor to Collect Relay Status and Measurements
*>>AUTO 2 <Enter> FID: FID=SEL-351S-7-R106-V0-Z003003-D20010110 DEVICE ID: FEEDER 1 BAUD RATE: 19200 OPERATE SUPPORT: Binary (1 Breakers, 16 Remote Bits S-C-P) LEVEL 1 PASSWORD: OTTER COMMANDS SUPPORTED: B 20METER B 20DEMAND B 20TARGET A 20HISTORY A 20STATUS A 20EVENT A 20EVENTS A 20EVENTL *>>
Figure 3.10 Example AUTO Command Output
The AUTO command verifies initial configuration is set up. Refer to the SEL-2032 Instruction Manual for more information on setting up Fast Messaging.
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3.10 Job Done Examples Setting Up a Point-to-Multipoint Link Using DNP3 SCADA Protocol
Setting Up a Point-to-Multipoint Link Using DNP3 SCADA Protocol
Figure 3.11 SEL-3031 Point-to-Multipoint Example
The SEL-3031 is designed to work in P2P (Point-to-Point) and P2MP (Point-toMultipoint) modes. In P2MP mode Port 1 is the only active port. Port 2 and Port 3 are disabled in this mode. This example will show how to setup a P2MP radio connection where there is one radio at the master location connected to an SEL-3530 RTAC and the other end will be three or more remote radios connected to SEL-651R recloser controls. The protocol used in this example is DNP3. In P2MP mode, the radio works with most multidrop addressable protocols, including MODBUS.
The radios set in P2MP mode operate by allowing the master to send information to all of the remotes. Only the remote that is connected to the IED (SEL-651R) with the correct SCADA address will respond back to the master. Data will collide if the remote is not set up correctly where two remotes share the same address or sending unsolicited data. All remote radios have the ability to transmit data to the master and the protocol addressing determines which remote should respond to the master.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
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Job Done Examples 3.11 Setting Up a Point-to-Multipoint Link Using DNP3 SCADA Protocol
SEL-3031 Settings
The SEL-3031 requires very few settings to set up the radios. This example assumes the radios have been set up and are currently linked. You should use an SEL-C285 cable to connect the SEL-3031 to the SEL-3530 RTAC and SEL-651R. If you are having problems setting up the radio link, refer to Section 2: Installation and Section 5: Performance Monitoring, Testing, and Troubleshooting for more information.
Figure 3.12 Radio Settings for Point-to-Multipoint
In the Radio Settings, the NETARCH setting must be set to P2MP. The P2MP mode disables Port 2 and Port 3 and allows multiple remote radios to connect to one master.
The MODE setting must be set to MASTER for the radio located at the master location connected to the RTAC. All of the remote radios must have this setting set as REMOTE.
The rest of the Radio Settings can be left to default.
NOTE: You must set the TXPWR correctly to stay in
compliance with the FCC and IC with a maximum allowed 36 dBm EIRP transmitted signal. See Transmitted Signal on page 2.3 for more information.
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3.12 Job Done Examples Setting Up a Point-to-Multipoint Link Using DNP3 SCADA Protocol
Figure 3.13 Port 1 Settings for Point-to-Multipoint
Figure 3.13 shows the correct settings needed for creating a DNP channel for P2MP. The PROTO setting should be set to STANDARD. Setting the PROTO to Standard allows all byte-oriented multidrop protocols to pass through the port. If you are using MODBUS, set PROTO to MODBUS.
Leave the ARQ setting to Y. In P2MP mode, this allows the message being sent from the remote to the master to retransmit on error. In P2MP mode, this will not allow the master transmit message to retransmit on error.
The SPEED setting can be set for 9600, 19200, or 38400 bps. It is preferred to set this to 38400 to take advantage of higher throughput to reduce the overall polling time. If any of the end devices do not support 38400, the whole system must be set down to 9600 or 19200 bps.
The CTS State should be set to DEASSERTED by default. Setting to deasserted allows proper communication with most SEL devices. If the remote device is not responding to DNP messages, this setting may need to get set to ASSERTED. Most DNP devices look at the CTS line and will not send the DNP message unless the CTS line is in an asserted or deasserted state. This setting allows you to set the line high or low to always give the device permission to transmit.
SEL-3530 RTAC Settings
To properly set the RTAC it is best to review the SEL-3530 manual under Section 4: DNP3. This section explains how to setup a DNP3 connection.
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Job Done Examples 3.13 Setting Up a Point-to-Multipoint Link Using DNP3 SCADA Protocol
Figure 3.14 SEL-3530 RTAC DNP3 Settings
Once a DNP port is set on the RTAC to a "Client-Multidrop Serial" a list of settings are shown in Figure 3.14. One of these devices must be set for each remote SEL-651R on the system. The Client DNP Address in the example is set to 1000. This is the address of the RTAC DNP master. All devices set up on the RTAC must be set to communicate to the same master address. Similarly, on the SEL-651R all settings for REPADR should be set to 1000.
The Server DNP Address is the address of the remote SEL-651R device. Each RTAC device must have a unique address. The corresponding DNPADR in the SEL-651R must be set to the same corresponding device.
The Integrity Poll and Class polling should be set such that there is enough time to poll all remote devices in the allocated time. The more remote devices that are in a system the longer time is needed for the polling.
The Number of Poll Retries in this example is set to 5. The given availability of the radio system will change this setting. If the SEL-3031 has a greater than 95 percent availability and the ARQ in the radio is turned on then you would not expect to see many poll retries.
The Baud Rate should be set to 38400 to match the system baud rate. The rest of the settings are either fixed or you can leave as default.
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3.14 Job Done Examples Setting Up a Point-to-Multipoint Link Using DNP3 SCADA Protocol
SEL-651R Settings
Figure 3.15 SEL-651R Communications Settings for P2MP
The SEL-651R has a minimum of four settings to get the link up and running. There are more settings to determine types and mapping of digital and analog data but are not needed to verify initial operation. This example only demonstrates on how to get the RTAC communicating to the SEL-651R through the SEL-3031 in P2MP mode.
Figure 3.15 shows the first setting needed in the SEL-651R. The settings are needed in all remote SEL-651R units communicating to the RTAC. The PROTO needs to be set to DNP for the current protocol used. The SPEED needs to be set to 38400 to match the system baud rate. The rest of the settings in this group can be left as default.
Figure 3.16 shows the settings for the DNP port set in the SEL-651R.
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Job Done Examples 3.15 Setting Up a Point-to-Multipoint Link Using DNP3 SCADA Protocol
Figure 3.16 SEL-651R DNP Port Settings for P2MP
The DNPADR is set to 100 in this example. Each remote SEL-651R must be set to a unique address. This corresponding address must match the RTAC device address called "Server DNP Address".
The REPADR is set to 1000 in this example. This is the address the SEL-651R is to report back to, otherwise called the master address. All remote SEL-651R units should be set to the same master address. All the other settings can be left as default and are not needed for initial configuration. If a different type or class of event data is needed, then more of these settings need to be changed along with settings in the RTAC. This is not covered under the scope of this example.
Verifying Proper Operation
Once all the settings in the SEL-3031 radios, RTAC, and SEL-651R are set correctly, the next step is to verify proper operation. Easily check this by looking at the master SEL-3031 Tx and Rx LEDs on Port 1. If the Tx LED illuminates, and the Rx LED illuminates shortly after, the link is up and working. If you only see the Tx LED illuminate and not the Rx LED illuminate you either have a problem with the settings in the radio, settings problem on the SEL-651R, or you are using the wrong cable. You can also review the data LED at each remote location. These LEDs will help troubleshoot the problem. If you do not see the Tx LED on the master radio illuminating then you are either using the wrong cable or do not have the correct settings in the RTAC.
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3.16 Job Done Examples Configuring Collocated Antennas Using SEL Hop-Sync Technology
Configuring Collocated Antennas Using SEL Hop-Sync Technology
There are radio applications that require multiple links at one location. Using multiple antennas at one location operating at the same frequency band causes interference issues with adjacent placed antennas. To improve the dependability when using collocated antennas the radio comes with SEL Hop-SyncTM technology. SEL Hop-Sync technology allows you to connect collocated antennas together and synchronizes all the radios connected so they hop at the exact same time. This greatly reduces adjacent channel noise and allows each radio to receive data without interference from the adjacent antennas.
There are three applications where collocated antennas are typically applied.
1. Setting up a repeater location where two back-to-back radios are used.
2. Setting up two links going to and from the same location as a primary/backup radio installation.
3. Creating two or more links from a central location going to separate locations.
This example will show how to set up collocated antennas in a repeater location using MIRRORED BITS communications. Once you understand how to setup up collocated antennas applications 2 and 3 can be easily extrapolated. See Collocated Antenna Systems on page 2.8 for more information.
Figure 3.17 Setting up Collocated Antennas at a Repeater Location
Figure 3.17 is the connection diagram with the cables and antennas needed for this application. This example uses two SEL-311C relays communicating MIRRORED BITS over the radio link. The line of site between location 1 and 2 is obstructed by a hill. A repeater location is set up to transmit around the hill.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
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Job Done Examples 3.17 Configuring Collocated Antennas Using SEL Hop-Sync Technology
SEL-311C and SEL-3031 Settings at Location 1 and 2
The SEL-311C serial port needs to be set to MB8 MIRRORED BITS protocol. Follow the job done Example 1 to configure the SEL-311C and the SEL-3031 radios located at Location 1 and Location 2.
SEL-3031 Settings at Repeater Location
Set the two collocated SEL-3031 radios at the repeater location with settings similar to the radios at Location 1 and 2. Set the radio at the Repeater location that is communicating to Location 1 the same as the setting of the SEL-3031 at Location 2. Do the same for SEL-3031 at the Repeater location communicating to Location 2 set the same as the SEL-3031 at Location 1. This setup will start as two independent P2P links. At the repeater location use an SEL-273A cable to connect Port 1 on each radio. This setup should allow the repeater link to pass information to the next radio and the relays should be communicating MIRRORED BITS. This link will work adequately if the repeater antennas are placed far enough apart to prevent the adjacent antenna from interfering. To improve this link and to allow the antennas to be placed closer you will need to synchronize the radios.
Synchronizing the Radios at the Repeater Location
To synchronize the system, we need to synchronize the radios at the repeater location so that the collocated radios transmit and receive at the same time. To do this you must connect an SEL-273A cable between Port 3 of the radios at the repeater location. The radios will use Pin 7 and Pin 8 in the communications cable to synchronize each other. The last step to synchronizing radios is to set the SYNC setting in each of the radios at the repeater location. You must make one radio the master SYNC SEND and the other a master SYNC RECEIVE.
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3.18 Job Done Examples Configuring Collocated Antennas Using SEL Hop-Sync Technology
Figure 3.18 SYNC Settings for Master Radio Figure 3.18 shows the settings for the master radio at the Repeater location. The SYNC setting for this device must be set to SEND. This tells the radio to generate a pulse to synchronize connected radios. On the second master radio at the Repeater location you must set SYNC to RECEIVE.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
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A.2 Firmware and Manual Versions
Instruction Manual
Table A.1 Firmware Revision History (Sheet 2 of 2)
Firmware Identification (FID) Number
Summary of Revisions
Manual Date Code
Fixed an issue in the SEL-3044 where the rollover of the encryption key could get repeated indefinitely and cause communications to stop.
Fixed an issue in the SEL-3044 where the master could receive a repeated message from the radio that should have been dropped, causing the SEL-3044 to stop processing incoming data.
Firmware Version: SEL-3031-R103-V0-Z003001D20110818
FPGA Version: SEL-3031-R101-D20101018
Note: You must update both firmware and FPGA for proper operation.
Fixed issue that prevented the encryption card from rekeying under certain conditions, which also stopped communication.
Created Brazil frequency compatible version.
Added 9600 bps speed setting option to all ports in radios without encryption cards.
20110818
Firmware Version: SEL-3031-R102
This firmware version was not produc-
--
tion released.
Firmware Version: SEL-3031-R101-V0-Z002001D20101108 FPGA Version: SEL-3031-R101-D20101018
Note: You must update both firmware and FPGA for proper operation.
Added P2MP capability. Added the capability to synchronize col-
located radios.
Added ARQ for non-MIRRORED BITS applications.
Improved the STA command with more radio information.
Added 38400 bps option on Port 1 (19200 bps with Encryption Card).
20101108
SEL-3031-R100-V0-Z001001- Initial version. D20091009
20091009
Instruction Manual
The date code at the bottom of each page of this manual reflects the creation or revision date.
Table A.2 lists the instruction manual versions and revision descriptions. The most recent instruction manual version is listed first.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
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Firmware and Manual Versions A.3
Instruction Manual
Table A.2 Instruction Manual Revision History (Sheet 1 of 4)
Date Code Summary of Revisions
20211103
Section 1 Updated Table 1.2: Certifications by Country. Section 2 Updated Radio Interference.
20210820 Section 1 Updated Compliance in Specifications.
Appendix C Updated NIST FIPS 140-2 Level 2 Security Requirements.
20210715 Section 1 Updated EMC Emissions in Specifications.
20191219
Section 1
Updated mounting options information in Features, Benefits, and Applications.
20190214
Section 1 Updated Table 1.1: Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories. Updated language on FIPS 140-2 Level 2 revalidation. Appendix C Updated language on FIPS 140-2 Level 2 revalidation.
20181011
Section 1 Updated Table 1.1: Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories. Updated Figure 1.3: Radio Antenna Connections.
20181001 Section 1 Updated Specifications.
20180613 Section 1 Updated Table 1.1: Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories.
Section 2 Updated Table 2.2: Antennas Permitted for Use with the SEL-3031.
Section 4 Updated Table 4.14: Factory-Default Passwords. Updated Table 4.18: SER Command.
20180330 Section 1 Updated Compliance in Specifications.
Appendix B Updated Technical Support.
20160804 Section 1 Updated Table 1.1: Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories.
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A.4 Firmware and Manual Versions
Instruction Manual
Table A.2 Instruction Manual Revision History (Sheet 2 of 4)
Date Code Summary of Revisions
20160203 General Updated cable information to include RG-8X.
Section 1 Updated Table 1.1: Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories.
20150203 Preface Updated Safety Information.
Section 1 Updated Table 1.1: Radio Antenna and Cable Accessories. Added Figure 1.1: Radio Antenna Connections. Changed Certifications to Compliance, and moved it to the beginning
of Specifications. Added Power Consumption With SEL-3044 Card in Specifications. Updated Table 1.2: Government Approvals.
Section 2 Updated Figure 2.6: SEL-C693 Cable: Two-Wire EIA-485 Connections.
Section 4 Added CAL Level information.
Section 5
Updated fade margin and radio availability information in Monitoring and Improving Radio Link Performance.
Appendix A
Updated Table A.1: Firmware Revision History with correct FPGA version.
20141120 Section 1 Updated surge protection description and part number in Table 1.1.
Section 2 Updated surge protection information in Lightning Protection.
20130208
Section 1
Added UL, cUL, and FIPS 140-2 certification information to Specifications.
20111228
Appendix A Updated for SEL-3031 firmware version R104. Updated for SEL-3044 firmware version R102.
20111005
Section 1 Added certification information for Colombia to Specifications. Added Brazil ANATEL Numbers to Specifications.
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Firmware and Manual Versions A.5
Instruction Manual
Table A.2 Instruction Manual Revision History (Sheet 3 of 4)
Date Code Summary of Revisions
Section 2 Added Colombia to list of countries allowing six skip zones.
20110818
Section 1
Added 9600 bps SPEED setting option for radios without encryption cards.
Updated port speed option and latency tables in Specifications to reflect 9600 bps SPEED setting option for radios without encryption cards.
Added certification information for Brazil, Mexico, and Peru to Specifications.
Section 2
Added 9600 bps SPEED setting option for radios without encryption cards.
Added 303011Brazil locked skip frequencies. Added Table 2.4: 900 MHz Frequency Skip Zones for Brazil (part num-
bers starting with SEL-30311).
Section 3
Added 9600 bps SPEED setting option for radios without encryption cards.
Section 4 Added 9600 bps SPEED setting option for radios without encryption
cards. Added 303011Brazil locked skip frequencies. Added Table 4.6: Skip Zone Frequencies (SEL-30311 Brazil).
Appendix A Updated for firmware version R103.
20101108
Section 1 Added P2MP capability to product features. Included additional antenna accessories in Table 1.1: Radio Antenna
and Cable Accessories.
Section 2
New SEL Sync-Hop for collocated radios. Updated Table 2.9: SEL-3031 Port Description for Port 3 radio syn-
chronizing capability. Added Figure 2.12: SEL Cable C576: Synchronizing Cable for
SEL-3031, new cables for synchronizing radios.
Section 3 Added two more Job Done examples.
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A.6 Firmware and Manual Versions
Instruction Manual
Table A.2 Instruction Manual Revision History (Sheet 4 of 4)
Date Code Summary of Revisions
Section 4 Added P2MP capability to product features. Updated Figure 4.9: Radio Strength and Channel Availability with new
graphical Radio Status. Updated Table 4.4: Radio Settings with P2MP and synchronizing set-
tings. Added information on SYNC and KEY settings. Updated Table 4.6: Port Settings with SPEED and ARQ. Appendix A Updated for firmware version R101. Appendix B Added Firmware Upgrade Instructions. 20091009 Initial version.
SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
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Appendix B
Firmware Upgrade Instructions
Overview
SEL may occasionally offer firmware upgrades to improve the performance of your radio. The radio stores firmware in Flash memory; therefore, changing physical components is not necessary. A firmware loader program called SELBOOT resides in the SEL-3031. These instructions give a step-by-step procedure to upgrade the radio firmware by uploading a file from a personal computer to the radio via direct connection to the USB management port.
Required Equipment
You will need the following to perform a firmware upgrade. Personal computer Terminal emulation software that supports the Xmodem/CRC protocol (these instructions use HyperTerminal® from a Microsoft® Windows® operating system) USB Type-B cable (SEL-C664 or equivalent) The firmware upgrade file (Rxxx3031.img)
Firmware Upgrade Procedure
Step 1. Step 2.
Connect a standard USB Type-B cable from the PC to the management port of the SEL-3031, and enter Access Level 2.
a. Type ACC <Enter>. b. Enter the Access Level 1 password. c. Type 2AC <Enter>. d. Enter the Access Level 2 password.
Start the upgrade process. a. Issue the L_D command to the radio. b. Type Y <Enter> at the following prompt:
Disable device to receive firmware (Y,N) ?
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B.2 Firmware Upgrade Instructions
Overview
c. Type Y <Enter> at the following prompt:
Are you sure (Y, N)?
The radio will respond with the following message and send the !> prompt.
Device disabled
Step 3. Step 4. Step 5. Step 6.
Step 7. Step 8.
Issue the BAU 115200 command. On your terminal or computer terminal program, change the terminal data rate to 115200 bps.
Begin the transfer of the new firmware to the radio by issuing the REC command.
Type Y to erase the existing firmware, or press <Enter> to abort.
Start the file transfer. a. Select the send file option in your communications software. b. Use the Xmodem or 1K Xmodem protocol and send the file that contains the new firmware.
After the file transfer, the radio reboots and returns to Access Level 0. Change the terminal data rate back to 9600 bps to access the radio management port.
Press any key (e.g., <Enter>) when the radio sends a prompt.
Type ACC <Enter>. Enter the Access Level 1 password.
=>>L_D <Enter> Disable device to receive firmware (Y,N) ? <Enter> Are you sure (Y/N) ? Y <Enter> Device disabled
!>REC <Enter> Caution! This command erases the firmware. If you erase the firmware then new firmware must be loaded before returning the IED to service.
Are you sure, you want to erase the existing firmware (Y/N)? Y <Enter> Erasing firmware. Erase successful.
Press any key to begin transfer and then start transfer at the terminal.
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Firmware Upgrade Instructions B.3
Overview
Step 9. Issue the STA command, and examine the status report for FAIL messages.
If the status report shows a FAIL message, perform the following steps.
a. Type 2AC <Enter>. b. Enter the Access Level 2 password. c. Type R_S <Enter>. d. At this time, you must reenter passwords. e. Type ACC <Enter>. f. Enter the Access Level 1 password g. Type 2AC <Enter>. h. Enter the default Access Level 2 password. i. Use the PAS command to change the default password to
your secure password (refer to the SEL-3031 Instruction Manual).
Step 10. Turn the radio off and back on.
This completes the firmware upgrade instructions. If you have an FPGA configuration upgrade, continue with the following procedure.
FPGA Configuration Upgrade Procedure
Step 1. Step 2.
Step 3.
Connect input power.
Connect a standard USB Type-B cable from the PC to the management port of the SEL-3031, and enter Access Level 2.
Start upgrading of firmware. a. Issue the L_D command to the radio. b. Type Y <Enter> at the following prompt:
Disable device to receive firmware (Y,N) ?
c. Type Y <Enter> at the following prompt:
Are you sure (Y, N)?
The radio will respond with the following message and send the !> prompt.
Device disabled
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B.4 Firmware Upgrade Instructions
Overview
Step 4. Step 5. Step 6. Step 7. Step 8.
Step 9.
Issue the BAU 115200 command, and change the terminal data rate to 115200.
Begin the transfer of the new FPGA configuration file (RTL_Rxxx3031.cxf) to the radio by issuing the REC FPGA command.
Type Y to erase the existing FPGA configuration or press <Enter> to abort.
Press any key (e.g., <Enter>) when the radio sends a prompt.
Start the file transfer. a. Select the send file option in your communications software. b. Use the Xmodem protocol and send the file that contains the new firmware.
After the file transfer, the radio will reboot and return to Access Level 0.
The FPGA upgrade will cause the radio to restart (equivalent to removing and restoring power). On most PCs, you will need to exit and restart the terminal program for it to re-recognize the serial port. Change the terminal data rate back to 9600 bps to access the radio management port.
=>>L_D <Enter> Disable device to receive firmware (Y,N) ? Y <Enter> Are you sure (Y/N) ? Y <Enter> Device disabled
!>REC FPGA <Enter> Caution! This command erases the FPGA. Do not interrupt power during FPGA upload or the device may require factory reprogramming.
Are you sure you want to erase the existing FPGA (Y/N)? Y <Enter> Press any key to begin transfer and then start transfer at the terminal.
Completed FPGA configuration upload into RAM. Beginning FPGA reconfiguration. Erasing FPGA ... (15 seconds) ... Done. Configuring FPGA.
37 ..................................................................... 36 ..................................................................... 35 ..................................................................... 34 ..................................................................... 33 ..................................................................... 32 ..................................................................... 31 ..................................................................... 30 ..................................................................... 29 ..................................................................... 28 ..................................................................... 27 ..................................................................... 26 ..................................................................... 25 ..................................................................... 24 ..................................................................... 23 ..................................................................... 22 ..................................................................... 21 ..................................................................... 20 ..................................................................... 19 ..................................................................... 18 .....................................................................
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Firmware Upgrade Instructions B.5
Technical Support
17 ..................................................................... 16 ..................................................................... 15 ..................................................................... 14 ..................................................................... 13 ..................................................................... 12 ..................................................................... 11 ..................................................................... 10 .....................................................................
9 ..................................................................... 8 ..................................................................... 7 ..................................................................... 6 ..................................................................... 5 ..................................................................... 4 ..................................................................... 3 ..................................................................... 2 ..................................................................... 1 ..................................................................... FPGA Configuration complete................
The SEL-3031 now is ready for commissioning.
Technical Support
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SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
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Appendix C
SEL-3044 Encryption Card
Overview
The SEL-3044 Encryption Card is a standalone card that can be added to the SEL-3031 to encrypt the radio data being sent between SEL-3031 radio links. The SEL-3044 can be ordered at time of purchase or added as an upgrade. The SEL-3044 requires one setting to provide a very strong level of encryption over the radio link. Use of the SEL-3044 is strongly advised for any application of the SEL-3031 for critical data. If you do not use the SEL-3044, the data between the radios can be compromised. If you want to encrypt the radio link, an SEL-3044 is required in both radios.
NOTE: The SEL-3044 is NOT a PCMCIA card. Do not install
in a laptop computer.
Figure C.1 SEL-3044 Encryption Card
NIST FIPS 140-2 Level 2 Security Requirements
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 140-2 standard that defines the security requirements for a cryptographic module used within a security system protecting sensitive information in computer and telecommunications systems.
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C.2 SEL-3044 Encryption Card
Theory of Operation--SEL Protocol
Protection of a cryptographic module within a security system is necessary to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of the information protected by the module. FIPS 140-2 Level 2 covers areas related to the secure design and implementation of a cryptographic module.
These areas include the following: Cryptographic module specification Cryptographic module ports and interfaces Roles, services, and authentication Finite state model Physical security Operational environment Cryptographic key management Electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC) Self-tests Design assurance Mitigation of other attacks
The SEL-3044 meets FIPS 140-2 Level 2 historical. This level of data security provides assurance that best practices have been applied to the design, testing, and manufacturing of the SEL-3044.
Theory of Operation--SEL Protocol
Encryption Components
A cryptographic device consists of three components: encryption algorithm, key management, and device security functions.
Encryption Algorithm
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with a key length of 256 bits is implemented in the SEL-3044. This algorithm is a secure means of encrypting data. The AES algorithm and key length provide proven resistance to modern cryptanalysis.
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SEL-3044 Encryption Card C.3
Theory of Operation--SEL Protocol
Key Management
System key (256 bits): The system key is set by a passphrase of 8 to 80 characters. The passphrase is used to generate a system key. The system key is used to encrypt and securely transmit unique session keys (see following text). It also provides a cryptographic authentication mechanism for rejecting session requests by unauthorized SEL-3044 devices.
Session key (256 bits): Session keys are used to encrypt all protected user data prior to transmission. They are produced at system startup and periodically during sessions. Session keys are generated using the process outlined by FIPS 186-2. They are produced using an integrated physical random number generator (RNG) and a statistical data whitening algorithm. Session keys are purely random and are not linked to the system key. The use of unique session keys limits the amount of data that is encrypted with a single key value, thus strengthening the system against cryptanalytical attack. The session keys are encrypted using the system key prior to being exchanged between SEL-3044 devices.
Device Security
The SEL-3044 incorporates a hardware RNG and FIPS-approved data whitener to guarantee that all session keys contain 256 bits of entropy (i.e., completely random). This guarantees that encoded messages are protected by a true cryptographic strength of 256 bits.
Multilevel password authentication defines user security roles.
Changing the system key can only be performed by authorized users who have Access Level 2 passwords.
If required, an authorized user can reset the entire device. This allows the user to reinitialize the system key should the security parameters need to change because of IT security procedures or if the programmed system key value is lost.
NOTE: This process requires physical access to the
SEL-3031 and cannot be done remotely.
Security of the Transferred Data
The SEL-3044 provides data encryption with a cryptographic key strength of 256 bits. The SEL-3044 RNG is designed so that all possible key values are equally likely. It is widely accepted throughout the cryptographic community that it is not realistically possible to mount a successful brute force (key guessing) attack on a 256-bit key space with technology available today.
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C.4 SEL-3044 Encryption Card
Theory of Operation--SEL Protocol
Application Consideration
Two messaging structures exist to establish and maintain a secure, coherent communications link between two SEL-3044 devices: In-Band (IB) frames and Out-ofBand (OOB) frames. IB frames transmit encrypted user data (i.e., data received on the trusted data interface) between the two protected devices (computer, IED, RTU, etc.). OOB frames transmit connection control data between the two SEL-3044 devices in the communications link. Control frames are required to implement key exchanges, status checks, and other functions necessary to maintain the communications link.
In-Band Message Format
IB messages consist of the encrypted data plus the frame overhead necessary to maintain synchronization and channel security. Figure C.2 shows the format of an IB frame. The shaded area is the encrypted data portion of the message.
Maximum of 7 Bytes
User-Defined Frame Length
IB Header
Protected Data
Figure C.2 In-Band Data Packet Format
Out-of-Band Message
Out-of-Band (OOB) messages are used to exchange control information between SEL-3044 cards. These exchanges include loss of synchronization, request for rekey, and rekey information.
IMPORTANT: During OOB message communication, data
exchange between the devices connected to the SEL-3044 cannot occur. Communication will be temporarily halted during a rekey.
System Settings
The system key provides encryption and secure transmission of unique session keys between SEL-3044 devices. It also provides a cryptographic authentication mechanism for rejecting session requests by unauthorized devices. Session keys provide encryption of all protected user data prior to transmission. An SEL-3044 produces session keys at system startup, and periodically during sessions, using the process outlined by FIPS 186-2. An integrated physical RNG and statistical data-whitening algorithm generate purely random session keys. Through the use of these unique session keys, the SEL-3044 limits the amount of data encrypted by any single key value, thus strengthening the system against attack.
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SEL-3044 Encryption Card C.5
Theory of Operation--SEL Protocol
NOTE: Both SEL-3044 transceivers that communicate with
each other must share the same system key.
AES Overview
The AES encryption function uses a 256-bit-long secret key and scrambles the contents of each frame prior to transmission to provide cryptographically strong data confidentiality.
Encryption is the process of transforming a digital message from its original form into a form that an unauthorized individual cannot interpret. The output of the encryption process is a function of the message and an encryption key (see Figure C.3).
Encryption Key
Decryption Key
Hi Bob!
AES Encrypt
*4gu>g aIL8}2=h
AES Decrypt
Hi Bob!
Figure C.3 Operation of the AES Encryption Function
This encryption process must be completely reversible by an authorized individual with access to the secret decryption key. Authority to read a message is only granted by sharing knowledge of the secret decryption key. Ideally, only individuals with knowledge of the decryption key can reverse the encryption operation and interpret the protected message. There are two main classes of encryption functions. Symmetric key encryption relies on the same secret key value, K, to perform both the encryption and decryption transformations. Asymmetric key encryption, on the other hand, uses a different key for encryption and decryption for example, asymmetric encryption might use K1 for encryption and K2 for decryption. The AES encryption algorithm the SEL-3044 uses is a symmetric block cipher with an encryption/decryption key size of 256 bits.
The AES is the latest encryption standard adopted by NIST. In 1997, NIST challenged the cryptographic community to develop the next generation encryption algorithm to replace the aging DES and 3DES encryption standards. In 2000, NIST chose the Rijndael encryption algorithm as the AES encryption standard. During the evaluation of candidates for the AES standard, some of the world's best cryptanalysts analyzed and approved Rijndael. Since its adoption in 2001, AES has proven to be very effective against known attacks, very efficient, and simple to implement.
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SEL-3031 Instruction Manual
C.6 SEL-3044 Encryption Card
Theory of Operation--SEL Protocol
Frame Replay Protection
Every frame in a given session contains a sequence number field. The value in this field increments every time a frame is transmitted. The SEL-3044 will not accept any frame that contains a sequence number value that is less than, or equal to, the sequence number value received in the last frame. It is exceedingly difficult to maliciously alter the sequence number in any given frame to bypass this functionality because the sequence number field is protected by the strong cryptographic authentication mechanisms. Because of the protection these mechanisms provide, an attacker cannot capture a previously transmitted frame and resend the frame to the SEL-3044 to cause harmful actions.
Resetting the SEL-3044
At some point, it may be necessary to reset the SEL-3044. You must have access to the front USB port on the SEL-3031. The SEL-3044 must be installed in the SEL-3031 to reset. Use either ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software or a terminal interface to access the Radio settings. In the Radio settings, set the KEY setting to None, save the setting, then set a new passphrase and save.
If you have lost your passwords to access the SEL-3031, you must disable passwords by temporarily installing a jumper. Refer to Password Jumper on page 2.14 and Table 2.7 for information and instructions on disabling passwords.
Installing an SEL-3044 in the SEL-3031
The SEL-3044 can be ordered at time of purchase of the radio, or it may be added later as a field upgrade. The process involves powering down the radio, removing hardware, installing the card, and setting the radio.
CAUTION
The radio contains devices sensitive to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD). When working on the radio with the front or top cover removed, work surfaces and personnel must be properly grounded or equipment damage may result.
Step 1. Remove the power from the radio and remove all connections from the device.
Step 2. Rack-mount SEL-3031: Loosen the six front-panel screws and remove the front panel.
Wall-mount model: Use a Torx® T15 screwdriver and remove the four screws located on the sides of each corner. Slide the cover up and back to reveal the front of the unit.
Step 3.
Between the main board and radio board there is a PCMCIA card slot. Gently slide the SEL-3044 straight into the card slot. Push firmly until it is fully seated.
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SEL-3044 Encryption Card C.7
Theory of Operation--SEL Protocol
Figure C.4 Encryption Card Location
Step 4. Reassemble the unit in reverse order of Step 2.
Step 5.
Apply power to the unit and verify the SEC light is flashing. The flashing LED indicates that the SEL-3044 is functioning properly and is currently in Reset.
If the SEC LED is not flashing, then you must turn off the unit and verify the card is properly seated in the pins.
If the SEC LED does not flash upon your removing and restoring power and you have verified that the card is seated properly, you will need to send the radio and encryption card back for repair.
Step 6. Use QuickSet to connect to the device and set the KEY setting to enable the SEL-3044.
Step 7. The KEY setting must be set the same on both SEL-3031 transceivers for proper operation.
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SCHWEITZER ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC.
2350 NE Hopkins Court · Pullman, WA 99163-5603 U.S.A. Phone: +1.509.332.1890 · Fax: +1.509.332.7990 selinc.com · [email protected]